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Transmission and Pathogenesis of Swine-Origin 2009 A(H1N1) Influenza Viruses in Ferrets and Mice
Taronna R. Maines,1Akila Jayaraman,2Jessica A. Belser,1Debra A. Wadford,1Claudia Pappas,1Hui Zeng,1Kortney M. Gustin,1Melissa B. Pearce,1Karthik Viswanathan,2Zachary H. Shriver,2Rahul Raman,2Nancy J. Cox,1Ram Sasisekharan,2Jacqueline M. Katz,1Terrence M. Tumpey1,*
Recent reports of mild to severe influenza-like illness in humanscaused by a novel swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza virusunderscore the need to better understand the pathogenesis andtransmission of these viruses in mammals. In this study, selected2009 A(H1N1) influenza isolates were assessed for their abilityto cause disease in mice and ferrets and compared with a contemporaryseasonal H1N1 virus for their ability to transmit to naïveferrets through respiratory droplets. In contrast to seasonalinfluenza H1N1 virus, 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses causedincreased morbidity, replicated to higher titers in lung tissue,and were recovered from the intestinal tract of intranasallyinoculated ferrets. The 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses exhibitedless efficient respiratory droplet transmission in ferrets incomparison with the highly transmissible phenotype of a seasonalH1N1 virus. Transmission of the 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruseswas further corroborated by characterizing the binding specificityof the viral hemagglutinin to the sialylated glycan receptors(in the human host) by use of dose-dependent direct receptor-bindingand human lung tissue–binding assays.
1 Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. 2 Harvard–Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, E25-519, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tft9{at}cdc.gov
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