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Science 8 July 1988:
Vol. 241. no. 4862, pp. 213 - 215
DOI: 10.1126/science.2838906
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Articles

Science, Vol 241, Issue 4862, 213-215
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Poliovirus host range is determined by a short amino acid sequence in neutralization antigenic site I

MG Murray, J Bradley, XF Yang, E Wimmer, EG Moss, and VR Racaniello

Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.

The mouse-adapted strain of poliovirus type 2 (Lansing) induces fatal poliomyelitis in mice after intracerebral inoculation, whereas mice inoculated with poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) show no signs of disease. Previous work indicated that the adaptation to mouse virulence is associated with the viral capsid proteins and that mutations in neutralization antigenic site I of poliovirus reduce neurovirulence of the Lansing strain in mice. The role of antigenic site I in mouse neurovirulence was further explored by constructing an antigenic hybrid virus. Six amino acids in antigenic site I of the Mahoney strain were replaced with a sequence specific for the Lansing strain by using a mutagenesis cartridge. The hybrid virus was neutralized by polyclonal antisera elicited by the type 1 and type 2 strains of poliovirus and by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against antigenic site I of type 2 virus. The hybrid virus induced paralytic disease in mice, an observation demonstrating that a short sequence of amino acids in antigenic site I is an important determinant of poliovirus host range. Antigenic site I may be involved in attachment of poliovirus to cells of the mouse central nervous system.


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