Science 22 July 1988: Vol. 241. no. 4864, pp. 462 - 464 DOI: 10.1126/science.3260686

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Articles

Lactate fuels the human brain during exercise.

B. Quistorff, N. H. Secher, and J. J. Van Lieshout (2008)
FASEB J 22, 3443-3449
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regional Differences in the Coupling between Resting Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism may Indicate Action Preparedness as a Default State.

R. C. Gur, J. D. Ragland, M. Reivich, J. H. Greenberg, A. Alavi, and R. E. Gur (2008)
Cereb Cortex
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Lessons from fMRI about Mapping Cortical Columns.

S.-G. Kim and M. Fukuda (2008)
Neuroscientist 14, 287-299
 |  Abstract »  |  PDF »

Lactate: a major and crucial player in normal function of both muscle and brain.

A. Schurr (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 2665-2666
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Non-selective {beta}-adrenergic blockade prevents reduction of the cerebral metabolic ratio during exhaustive exercise in humans.

T. S. Larsen, P. Rasmussen, M. Overgaard, N. H. Secher, and H. B. Nielsen (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 2807-2815
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A new pathway for lactate production in the CNS.

K. A. Kasischke (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 1207-1208
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The cerebral metabolic ratio is not affected by oxygen availability during maximal exercise in humans.

S. Volianitis, A. Fabricius-Bjerre, A. Overgaard, M. Stromstad, M. Bjarrum, C. Carlson, N. T. Petersen, P. Rasmussen, N. H. Secher, and H. B. Nielsen (2008)
J. Physiol. 586, 107-112
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Energetics of neuronal signaling and fMRI activity.

N. J. G. Maandag, D. Coman, B. G. Sanganahalli, P. Herman, A. J. Smith, H. Blumenfeld, R. G. Shulman, and F. Hyder (2007)
PNAS 104, 20546-20551
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Human brain glycogen content and metabolism: implications on its role in brain energy metabolism.

G. Oz, E. R. Seaquist, A. Kumar, A. B. Criego, L. E. Benedict, J. P. Rao, P.-G. Henry, P.-F. Van De Moortele, and R. Gruetter (2007)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292, E946-E951
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

MCA Vmean and the arterial lactate-to-pyruvate ratio correlate during rhythmic handgrip.

P. Rasmussen, P. Plomgaard, R. Krogh-Madsen, Y.-S. Kim, J. J. van Lieshout, N. H. Secher, and B. Quistorff (2006)
J Appl Physiol 101, 1406-1411
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Neuron-glia metabolic coupling and plasticity.

P. J. Magistretti (2006)
J. Exp. Biol. 209, 2304-2311
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Synaptic Distinction of Laminar-specific Prefrontal-temporal Pathways in Primates.

M. Germuska, S. Saha, J. Fiala, and H. Barbas (2006)
Cereb Cortex 16, 865-875
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Functional MRI of the kidney: tools for translational studies of pathophysiology of renal disease.

P. V. Prasad (2006)
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 290, F958-F974
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Regulation of blood flow in activated human brain by cytosolic NADH/NAD+ ratio.

A. G. Vlassenko, M. M. Rundle, M. E. Raichle, and M. A. Mintun (2006)
PNAS 103, 1964-1969
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Role of astrocytes in cerebrovascular regulation.

R. C. Koehler, D. Gebremedhin, and D. R. Harder (2006)
J Appl Physiol 100, 307-317
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Brain oxygen utilization is unchanged by hypoglycemia in normal humans: lactate, alanine, and leucine uptake are not sufficient to offset energy deficit.

J. M. Lubow, I. G. Pinon, A. Avogaro, C. Cobelli, D. M. Treeson, K. A. Mandeville, G. Toffolo, and P. J. Boyle (2006)
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290, E149-E153
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Brain glucose and lactate uptake during exhaustive exercise.

N. H Secher and B. Quistorff (2005)
J. Physiol. 568, 3
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Separate Spatial Scales Determine Neural Activity-Dependent Changes in Tissue Oxygen within Central Visual Pathways.

J. K. Thompson, M. R. Peterson, and R. D. Freeman (2005)
J. Neurosci. 25, 9046-9058
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Cerebral metabolism during upper and lower body exercise.

M. K. Dalsgaard, S. Volianitis, C. C. Yoshiga, E. A. Dawson, and N. H. Secher (2004)
J Appl Physiol 97, 1733-1739
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Neuroimaging With Calibrated fMRI.

F. Hyder (2004)
Stroke 35, 2635-2641
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Default brain functionality in blind people.

H. Burton, A. Z. Snyder, and M. E. Raichle (2004)
PNAS 101, 15500-15505
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Is a GABAA Receptor Kinase Linking Glycolysis to Neuronal Inhibition.

J. J. Laschet, F. Minier, I. Kurcewicz, M. H. Bureau, S. Trottier, F. Jeanneteau, N. Griffon, B. Samyn, J. Van Beeumen, J. Louvel, et al. (2004)
J. Neurosci. 24, 7614-7622
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Lactate muscles its way into consciousness: fueling brain activation.

G. A. Dienel (2004)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 287, R519-R521
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Cerebral carbohydrate cost of physical exertion in humans.

M. K. Dalsgaard, S. Ogoh, E. A. Dawson, C. C. Yoshiga, B. Quistorff, and N. H. Secher (2004)
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 287, R534-R540
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Neural Activity Triggers Neuronal Oxidative Metabolism Followed by Astrocytic Glycolysis.

K. A. Kasischke, H. D. Vishwasrao, P. J. Fisher, W. R. Zipfel, and W. W. Webb (2004)
Science 305, 99-103
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Is central nervous system processing altered in patients with heart failure?.

S. D. Rosen, K. Murphy, A. P. Leff, V. Cunningham, R. J.S. Wise, L. Adams, A. J.S. Coats, and P. G. Camici (2004)
Eur. Heart J. 25, 952-962
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The CSF and arterial to internal jugular venous hormonal differences during exercise in humans.

M. K. Dalsgaard, P. Ott, F. Dela, A. Juul, B. K. Pedersen, J. Warberg, J. Fahrenkrug, and N. H. Secher (2004)
Exp Physiol 89, 271-277
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A reduced cerebral metabolic ratio in exercise reflects metabolism and not accumulation of lactate within the human brain.

M. K. Dalsgaard, B. Quistorff, E. R. Danielsen, C. Selmer, T. Vogelsang, and N. H. Secher (2004)
J. Physiol. 554, 571-578
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

NADH augments blood flow in physiologically activated retina and visual cortex.

Y. Ido, K. Chang, and J. R. Williamson (2004)
PNAS 101, 653-658
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Increased lactate/pyruvate ratio augments blood flow in physiologically activated human brain.

M. A. Mintun, A. G. Vlassenko, M. M. Rundle, and M. E. Raichle (2004)
PNAS 101, 659-664
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Measurement of unidirectional Pi to ATP flux in human visual cortex at 7 T by using in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

H. Lei, K. Ugurbil, and W. Chen (2003)
PNAS 100, 14409-14414
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Electroencephalographic signatures of attentional and cognitive default modes in spontaneous brain activity fluctuations at rest.

H. Laufs, K. Krakow, P. Sterzer, E. Eger, A. Beyerle, A. Salek-Haddadi, and A. Kleinschmidt (2003)
PNAS 100, 11053-11058
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of Surround Masking.

B. Zenger-Landolt and D. J. Heeger (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 6884-6893
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Functional Brain Imaging and Human Brain Function.

M. E. Raichle (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 3959-3962
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The Underpinnings of the BOLD Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal.

N. K. Logothetis (2003)
J. Neurosci. 23, 3963-3971
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Distinct Patterns of Neural Modulation During the Processing of Conceptual and Syntactic Anomalies.

G. R. Kuperberg, P. J. Holcomb, T. Sitnikova, D. Greve, A. M. Dale, and D. Caplan (2003)
J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15, 272-293
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Food for thought: fluctuations in brain extracellular glucose provide insight into the mechanisms of memory modulation..

E. C. McNay and P. E. Gold (2002)
Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev 1, 264-280
 |  Abstract »  |  PDF »

In Vivo Hippocampal Metabolic Dysfunction in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

R. C. Knowlton, B. Abou-Khalil, S. M. Sawrie, R. C. Martin, R. E. Faught, and R. I. Kuzniecky (2002)
Arch Neurol 59, 1882-1886
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Reproducibility of Proton MR Spectroscopic Imaging (PEPSI): Comparison of Dyslexic and Normal-Reading Children and Effects of Treatment on Brain Lactate Levels during Language Tasks.

T. L. Richards, V. W. Berninger, E. H. Aylward, A. L. Richards, J. B. Thomson, W. E. Nagy, J. F. Carlisle, S. R. Dager, and R. D. Abbott (2002)
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23, 1678-1685
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Development of 17O NMR approach for fast imaging of cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen in rat brain at high field.

X.-H. Zhu, Y. Zhang, R.-X. Tian, H. Lei, N. Zhang, X. Zhang, H. Merkle, K. Ugurbil, and W. Chen (2002)
PNAS 99, 13194-13199
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Appraising the brain's energy budget.

M. E. Raichle and D. A. Gusnard (2002)
PNAS 99, 10237-10239
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Hemodynamic Response Changes in Cerebrovascular Disease: Implications for Functional MR Imaging.

L. M. Carusone, J. Srinivasan, D. R. Gitelman, M. M. Mesulam, and T. B. Parrish (2002)
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 23, 1222-1228
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Temporally Staggered Forelimb Stimulation Modulates Barrel Cortex Optical Intrinsic Signal Responses to Whisker Stimulation.

A. J. Blood, N. Pouratian, and A. W. Toga (2002)
J Neurophysiol 88, 422-437
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Central neural contribution to the perception of chest pain in cardiac syndrome X.

S D Rosen, E Paulesu, R J S Wise, and P G Camici (2002)
Heart 87, 513-519
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Blood flow responses to deep brain stimulation of thalamus.

J. S. Perlmutter, J. W. Mink, A. J. Bastian, K. Zackowski, T. Hershey, E. Miyawaki, W. Koller, and T. O. Videen (2002)
Neurology 58, 1388-1394
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Changes in Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism During Visual Stimulation in Carotid Artery Disease: Effect of Baseline Perfusion and Oxygen Metabolism.

H. Yamauchi, H. Okazawa, Y. Kishibe, K. Sugimoto, and M. Takahashi (2002)
Stroke 33, 1294-1300
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Activation-Induced Resetting of Cerebral Metabolism and Flow Is Abolished by {beta}-Adrenergic Blockade With Propranolol.

I. K. Schmalbruch, R. Linde, O. B. Paulson, and P. L. Madsen (2002)
Stroke 33, 251-255
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

In Vivo Detection of Postictal Perturbations of Cerebral Metabolism by Use of Proton MR Spectroscopy: Preliminary Results in a Canine Model of Prolonged Generalized Seizures.

R. Neppl, C. M. Nguyen, W. Bowen, T. Al-Saadi, J. Pallagi, G. Morris, W. Mueller, R. Johnson, R. Prost, and S. D. Rand (2001)
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22, 1933-1943
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Changes in cerebral blood flow velocity elicited by surgical stimulation are dependent on the PaCO2 level: [Les changements de vitesse du flux sanguin cerebral, declenches par la stimulation chirurgicale, dependent du niveau de PaCO2].

R. Kawata, M. Matsumoto, Y. Haranishi, K. Ishida, K. Nakakimura, and T. Sakabe (2001)
Can J Anesth 48, 1029-1033
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Imaging in epilepsy: a paediatric perspective.

N B Wright (2001)
Br. J. Radiol. 74, 575-589
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Role of Functional MR Imaging in Patients with Ischemia in the Visual Cortex.

Y.-J. Lee, T.-S. Chung, Y. Soo Yoon, M. Sik Lee, S.-H. Han, G. Je Seong, and K. Jin Ahn (2001)
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22, 1043-1049
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Opposite ictal perfusion patterns of subtracted SPECT: Hyperperfusion and hypoperfusion.

H. W. Lee, S. B. Hong, and W. S. Tae (2000)
Brain 123, 2150-2159
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A milestone for normal development of the infantile brain detected by functional MRI.

H. Yamada, N. Sadato, Y. Konishi, S. Muramoto, K. Kimura, M. Tanaka, Y. Yonekura, Y. Ishii, and H. Itoh (2000)
Neurology 55, 218-223
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Coupling between changes in human brain temperature and oxidative metabolism during prolonged visual stimulation.

D. A. Yablonskiy, J. J. H. Ackerman, and M. E. Raichle (2000)
PNAS 97, 7603-7608
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Cortical Responses to Thermal Pain Depend on Stimulus Size: A Functional MRI Study.

A. V. Apkarian, P. A. Gelnar, B. R. Krauss, and N. M. Szeverenyi (2000)
J Neurophysiol 83, 3113-3122
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Lateralized Tinnitus Studied With Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Abnormal Inferior Colliculus Activation.

J. R. Melcher, I. S. Sigalovsky, J. J. Guinan Jr., and R. A. Levine (2000)
J Neurophysiol 83, 1058-1072
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Changes in cerebral blood oxygenation of the frontal lobe induced by direct electrical stimulation of thalamus and globus pallidus: a near infrared spectroscopy study.

K. Sakatani, Y. Katayama, T. Yamamoto, and S. Suzuki (1999)
J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 67, 769-773
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Increased Cortical Oxidative Metabolism Due to Sensory Stimulation: Implications for Functional Brain Imaging.

I. Vanzetta and A. Grinvald (1999)
Science 286, 1555-1558
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »

Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise.

K. Ide, A. Horn, and N. H. Secher (1999)
J Appl Physiol 87, 1604-1608
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

MR Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Signal Differences in Parenchymal and Large Draining Vessels: Implications for Functional MR Imaging.

T. Krings, S. G. Erberich, F. Roessler, J. Reul, and A. Thron (1999)
AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 20, 1907-1914
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »

Linear coupling between cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in activated human cortex.

R. D. Hoge, J. Atkinson, B. Gill, G. R. Crelier, S. Marrett, and G. B. Pike (1999)
PNAS 96, 9403-9408
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

New Approaches to Functional Neuroenergetics.

S. M. Fitzpatrick and D. Rothman (1999)
J. Cogn. Neurosci. 11, 467-471
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Uncoupling of Oxygen and Glucose Metabolism in Persistent Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis.

H. Yamauchi, H. Fukuyama, Y. Nagahama, S. Nishizawa, and J. Konishi (1999)
Stroke 30, 1424-1428
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Differentiating Cortical Areas Related to Pain Perception From Stimulus Identification: Temporal Analysis of fMRI Activity.

A. V. Apkarian, A. Darbar, B. R. Krauss, P. A. Gelnar, and N. M. Szeverenyi (1999)
J Neurophysiol 81, 2956-2963
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Determination of Cognitive Hemispheric Lateralization by "Functional" Transcranial Doppler Cross-Validated by Functional MRI.

P. Schmidt, T. Krings, K. Willmes, F. Roessler, J. Reul, and A. Thron (1999)
Stroke 30, 939-945
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Retinotopic mapping of lateral geniculate nucleus in humans using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

W. Chen, X.-H. Zhu, K. R. Thulborn, and K. Ugurbil (1999)
PNAS 96, 2430-2434
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Actions of Caffeine in the Brain with Special Reference to Factors That Contribute to Its Widespread Use.

B. B. Fredholm, K. Battig, J. Holmen, A. Nehlig, and E. E. Zvartau (1999)
Pharmacol. Rev. 51, 83-133
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

An Increase in Lactate Output by Brain Tissue Serves to Meet the Energy Needs of Glutamate-Activated Neurons.

A. Schurr, J. J. Miller, R. S. Payne, and B. M. Rigor (1999)
J. Neurosci. 19, 34-39
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Interpreting functional imaging studies in terms of neurotransmitter cycling.

R. G. Shulman and D. L. Rothman (1998)
PNAS 95, 11993-11998
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

A model for the regulation of cerebral oxygen delivery.

F. Hyder, R. G. Shulman, and D. L. Rothman (1998)
J Appl Physiol 85, 554-564
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Language-Activated Cerebral Blood Oxygenation and Hemodynamic Changes of the Left Prefrontal Cortex in Poststroke Aphasic Patients : A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.

K. Sakatani, Y. Xie, W. Lichty, S. Li, and H. Zuo (1998)
Stroke 29, 1299-1304
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Cerebral Blood Flow in Hypertensive Patients : An Initial Report of Reduced and Compensatory Blood Flow Responses During Performance of Two Cognitive Tasks.

J. R. Jennings, M. F. Muldoon, C. M. Ryan, M. A. Mintun, C. C. Meltzer, D. W. Townsend, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, A. P. Shapiro, and S. B. Manuck (1998)
Hypertension 31, 1216-1222
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Calibrated functional MRI: Mapping the dynamics of oxidative metabolism.

T. L. Davis, K. K. Kwong, R. M. Weisskoff, and B. R. Rosen (1998)
PNAS 95, 1834-1839
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The synthesis of ATP by glycolytic enzymes in the postsynaptic density and the effect of endogenously generated nitric oxide.

K. Wu, C. Aoki, A. Elste, A. A. Rogalski-Wilk, and P. Siekevitz (1997)
PNAS 94, 13273-13278
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

The Cellular Bases of Functional Brain Imaging: Evidence for Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Coupling.

P. J. Magistretti and L. Pellerin (1997)
Neuroscientist 3, 361-365
 |  Abstract »  |  PDF »

Functional MRI of Pain- and Attention-Related Activations in the Human Cingulate Cortex.

K. D. Davis, S. J. Taylor, A. P. Crawley, M. L. Wood, and D. J. Mikulis (1997)
J Neurophysiol 77, 3370-3380
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

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H. Tsukada, T. Kakiuchi, I. Ando, and Y. Ouchi (1997)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281, 1408-1414
 |  Abstract »

What Words Are Telling Us about the Brain.

M.E. Raichle (1996)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 61, 9-14
 |  Abstract »  |  PDF »

Anatomical Explorations of Mind: Studies with Modern Imaging Techniques.

M.E. Raichle (1990)
Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 55, 983-986
 |  Abstract »  |  PDF »

RH 5849, a nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist: effects on a Drosophila cell line.

K. Wing (1988)
Science 241, 467-469
 |  Abstract »  |  PDF »

Cerebral energetics and the glycogen shunt: Neurochemical basis of functional imaging.

R. G. Shulman, F. Hyder, and D. L. Rothman (2001)
PNAS 98, 6417-6422
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

Blood flow and oxygen delivery to human brain during functional activity: Theoretical modeling and experimental data.

M. A. Mintun, B. N. Lundstrom, A. Z. Snyder, A. G. Vlassenko, G. L. Shulman, and M. E. Raichle (2001)
PNAS 98, 6859-6864
 |  Abstract »  |  Full Text »  |  PDF »

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