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Science 16 December 1988:
Vol. 242. no. 4885, pp. 1566 - 1570
DOI: 10.1126/science.3059495
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Articles

Science, Vol 242, Issue 4885, 1566-1570
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Distinct regions of Sp1 modulate DNA binding and transcriptional activation

JT Kadonaga, AJ Courey, J Ladika, and R Tjian

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720.

Sp1 is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that activates RNA polymerase II transcription from promoters that contain properly positioned GC boxes. A series of deletion mutants of Sp1 were expressed in Escherichia coli and used to identify separate regions of the protein that are important for three different biochemical activities. The sequence-specificity of DNA binding was conferred by Zn(II) fingers, whereas a different region of Sp1 appeared to regulate the affinity of DNA binding. The E. coli-synthesized Sp1 was able to stimulate initiation of RNA synthesis in vitro, and at least two distinct segments of the protein contributed to its transcriptional activity.


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Functional Analyses of the Transcription Factor Sp4 Reveal Properties Distinct from Sp1 and Sp3.
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Transcription factor loading on the MMTV promoter: a bimodal mechanism for promoter activation.
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DNA looping between sites for transcriptional activation: self-association of DNA-bound Sp1..
W Su, S Jackson, R Tjian, and H Echols (1991)
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The two candidate testis-determining Y genes (Zfy-1 and Zfy-2) are differentially expressed in fetal and adult mouse tissues..
C M Nagamine, K Chan, L E Hake, and Y F Lau (1990)
Genes & Dev. 4, 63-74
   Abstract »    PDF »
Inhibition of DNA binding proteins by oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation.
L. Maher 3rd, B Wold, and P. Dervan (1989)
Science 245, 725-730
   Abstract »    PDF »
Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins.
P. Mitchell and R Tjian (1989)
Science 245, 371-378
   Abstract »    PDF »
Positive and negative regulation of the gene for transcription factor IIIA in Xenopus laevis oocytes..
K W Scotto, H Kaulen, and R G Roeder (1989)
Genes & Dev. 3, 651-662
   Abstract »    PDF »
Heterogeneous Sp1 mRNAs in Human HepG2 Cells Include a Product of Homotypic trans-Splicing.
T. Takahara, S.-i. Kanazu, S. Yanagisawa, and H. Akanuma (2000)
J. Biol. Chem. 275, 38067-38072
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The p38 Mitogen-activated Kinase Pathway Regulates the Human Interleukin-10 Promoter via the Activation of Sp1 Transcription Factor in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Human Macrophages.
W. Ma, W. Lim, K. Gee, S. Aucoin, D. Nandan, M. Kozlowski, F. Diaz-Mitoma, and A. Kumar (2001)
J. Biol. Chem. 276, 13664-13674
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
O-linkage of N-acetylglucosamine to Sp1 activation domain inhibits its transcriptional capability.
X. Yang, K. Su, M. D. Roos, Q. Chang, A. J. Paterson, and J. E. Kudlow (2001)
PNAS 98, 6611-6616
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


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