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Science 18 October 1991:
Vol. 254. no. 5030, pp. 399 - 403
DOI: 10.1126/science.254.5030.399
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Articles
Rapid Formation of Ontong Java Plateau by Aptian Mantle Plume Volcanism
J. A. TARDUNO 1,
W. V. SLITER 2,
L. KROENKE 3,
M. LECKIE 4,
H. MAYER 1,
J. J. MAHONEY 3,
R. MUSGRAVE 5,
M. STOREY 6, and
E. L. WINTERER 1
1 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0215
2 U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025
3 Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822
4 Department of Geology and Geography, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
5 Geology Department, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia TAS 7001
6 Department of Geology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
The timing of flood basalt volcanism associated with formation of the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) is estimated from paleomagnetic and paleontologic data. Much of OJP formed rapidly in less than 3 million years during the early Aptian, at the beginning of the Cretaceous Normal Polarity Superchron. Crustal emplacement rates are inferred to have been several times those of the Deccan Traps. These estimates are consistent with an origin of the OJP by impingement at the base of the oceanic lithosphere by the head of a large mantle plume. Formation of the OJP may have led to a rise in sea level that induced global oceanic anoxia. Carbon dioxide emissions likely contributed to the mid-Cretaceous greenhouse climate but did not provoke major biologic extinctions.
Submitted on May 16, 1991
Accepted on July 29, 1991
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