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Science 24 July 1992:
Vol. 257. no. 5069, pp. 542 - 545
DOI: 10.1126/science.1636091
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Articles

Science, Vol 257, Issue 5069, 542-545
Copyright © 1992 by American Association for the Advancement of Science

articles

Planar induction of anteroposterior pattern in the developing central nervous system of Xenopus laevis

T Doniach, CR Phillips, and JC Gerhart

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.

It has long been thought that anteroposterior (A-P) pattern in the vertebrate central nervous system is induced in the embryo's dorsal ectoderm exclusively by signals passing vertically from underlying, patterned dorsal mesoderm. Explants from early gastrulae of the frog Xenopus laevis were prepared in which vertical contact between dorsal ectoderm and mesoderm was prevented but planar contact was maintained. In these, four position-specific neural markers (engrailed-2, Krox-20, XlHbox 1, and XlHbox 6) were expressed in the ectoderm in the same A-P order as in the embryo. Thus, planar signals alone, following a path available in the normal embryo, can induce A-P neural pattern.


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Transgenic Xenopus embryos from sperm nuclear transplantations reveal FGF signaling requirements during gastrulation.
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Fibroblast growth factor is a direct neural inducer, which combined with noggin generates anterior-posterior neural pattern.
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Induction of notochord cell intercalation behavior and differentiation by progressive signals in the gastrula of Xenopus laevis.
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bFGF as a possible morphogen for the anteroposterior axis of the central nervous system in Xenopus.
M Kengaku and H Okamoto (1995)
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Patterning of the neural ectoderm of Xenopus laevis by the amino-terminal product of hedgehog autoproteolytic cleavage.
C. Lai, S. Ekker, P. Beachy, and R. Moon (1995)
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I. Blitz and K. Cho (1995)
Development 121, 993-1004
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XIPOU 2, a noggin-inducible gene, has direct neuralizing activity.
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Neural induction and regionalisation by different subpopulations of cells in Hensen's node.
K. Storey, M. Selleck, and C. Stern (1995)
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Vertebrate embryonic induction: mesodermal and neural patterning.
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Expression of the LIM class homeobox gene Xlim-1 in pronephros and CNS cell lineages of Xenopus embryos is affected by retinoic acid and exogastrulation.
M Taira, H Otani, M Jamrich, and I. Dawid (1994)
Development 120, 1525-1536
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An increase in intracellular pH during neural induction in Xenopus.
A. Sater, J. Alderton, and R. Steinhardt (1994)
Development 120, 433-442
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Tail formation as a continuation of gastrulation: the multiple cell populations of the Xenopus tailbud derive from the late blastopore lip.
L. K. Gont, H. Steinbeisser, B. Blumberg, and E. M. de Robertis (1993)
Development 119, 991-1004
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Basic fibroblast growth factor induces differentiation of neural tube and neural crest lineages of cultured ectoderm cells from Xenopus gastrula.
M. Kengaku and H. Okamoto (1993)
Development 119, 1067-1078
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Neural induction by the secreted polypeptide noggin.
T. Lamb, A. Knecht, W. Smith, S. Stachel, A. Economides, N Stahl, G. Yancopolous, and R. Harland (1993)
Science 262, 713-718
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XASH-3, a novel Xenopus achaete-scute homolog, provides an early marker of planar neural induction and position along the mediolateral axis of the neural plate.
K Zimmerman, J Shih, J Bars, A Collazo, and D. Anderson (1993)
Development 119, 221-232
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Zebrafish primary neurons initiate expression of the LIM homeodomain protein Isl-1 at the end of gastrulation.
V Korzh, T Edlund, and S Thor (1993)
Development 118, 417-425
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)