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Science 21 August 1992:
Vol. 257. no. 5073, pp. 1055 - 1064
DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5073.1055
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Articles

Tuberculosis: Commentary on a Reemergent Killer

Barry R. Bloom 1 and Christopher J. L. Murray 2

1 Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
2 Assistant Professor of the Harvard School of Public Health at the Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA 02138

Tuberculosis remains the leading cause of death in the world from a single infectious disease, although there is little knowledge of the mechanisms of its pathogenesis and protection from it. After a century of decline in the United States, tuberculosis is increasing, and strains resistant to multiple antibiotics have emerged. This excess of cases is attributable to changes in the social structure in cities, the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic, and a failure in certain major cities to improve public treatment programs. The economic costs of not adequately addressing the problem of tuberculosis in this country are estimated from an epidemiological model.


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P. T. Reddy, C. R. Prasad, P. H. Reddy, D. Reeder, K. McKenney, H. Jaffe, M. N. Dimitrova, A. Ginsburg, A. Peterkofsky, and P. S. Murthy (2003)
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Chest 124, 909-914
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Coordinate Cytokine Gene Expression In Vivo following Induction of Tuberculous Pleurisy in Guinea Pigs.
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Infect. Immun. 71, 4271-4277
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Proteins of the Rpf Family: Immune Cell Reactivity and Vaccination Efficacy against Tuberculosis in Mice.
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Differential Effects of Control and Antigen-Specific T Cells on Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth.
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Infect. Immun. 71, 1763-1773
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A Two-Component Regulator of Universal Stress Protein Expression and Adaptation to Oxygen Starvation in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
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J. Bacteriol. 185, 1543-1554
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Infect. Immun. 71, 697-707
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens Induce the Differentiation of Dendritic Cells from Bone Marrow.
V. K. Latchumanan, B. Singh, P. Sharma, and K. Natarajan (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 6856-6864
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(n-3) Fatty Acids and Infectious Disease Resistance.
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J. Nutr. 132, 3566-3576
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L. Duan, H. Gan, D. E. Golan, and H. G. Remold (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 5181-5187
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V. Gruppo, O. C. Turner, I. M. Orme, and J. Turner (2002)
Microbiology 148, 2959-2966
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Int. Immunol. 14, 793-800
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Proteomics analysis of carbon-starved Mycobacterium smegmatis: induction of Dps-like protein.
S. Gupta, S. B. Pandit, N. Srinivasan, and D. Chatterji (2002)
Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 15, 503-511
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
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J. R. Schwebach, A. Glatman-Freedman, L. Gunther-Cummins, Z. Dai, J. B. Robbins, R. Schneerson, and A. Casadevall (2002)
Infect. Immun. 70, 2566-2575
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C. A. Rivera-Marrero, J. D. Ritzenthaler, S. A. Newburn, J. Roman, and R. D. Cummings (2002)
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Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Patients in North India.
N. Siddiqi, M. Shamim, S. Hussain, R. K. Choudhary, N. Ahmed, Prachee, S. Banerjee, G. R. Savithri, M. Alam, N. Pathak, et al. (2002)
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C. Holscher, R. A. Atkinson, B. Arendse, N. Brown, E. Myburgh, G. Alber, and F. Brombacher (2001)
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J. A. McGarvey and L. E. Bermudez (2001)
Infect. Immun. 69, 7242-7249
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Fish Monocytes as a Model for Mycobacterial Host-Pathogen Interactions.
S. H. El-Etr, L. Yan, and J. D. Cirillo (2001)
Infect. Immun. 69, 7310-7317
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Influence of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette Guerin on In Vitro Induction of CD1 Molecules in Human Adherent Mononuclear Cells.
A. Giuliani, S. P. Prete, G. Graziani, A. Aquino, A. Balduzzi, M. Sugita, M. B. Brenner, E. Iona, L. Fattorini, G. Orefici, et al. (2001)
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Maternal Antibodies, Childhood Infections, and Autoimmune Diseases.
R. M. Zinkernagel (2001)
N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1331-1335
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Identification of two Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis gene products differentially recognised by sera from rabbits immunised with live mycobacteria but not heat-killed mycobacteria.
J. P. BANNANTINE and J. R. STABEL (2001)
J. Med. Microbiol. 50, 795-804
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Using DNA Vaccines Encoding Cytotoxic and Helper T-Cell Epitopes of the 38-Kilodalton Protein.
D. P. A. J. Fonseca, B. Benaissa-Trouw, M. van Engelen, C. A. Kraaijeveld, H. Snippe, and A. F. M. Verheul (2001)
Infect. Immun. 69, 4839-4845
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Capillary Electrophoresis-based Heteroduplex Analysis with a Universal Heteroduplex Generator for Detection of Point Mutations Associated with Rifampin Resistance in Tuberculosis.
G. A. Thomas, D. L. Williams, and S. A. Soper (2001)
Clin. Chem. 47, 1195-1203
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vitro Activity of a Novel Antimycobacterial Compound, N-Octanesulfonylacetamide, and Its Effects on Lipid and Mycolic Acid Synthesis.
N. M. Parrish, T. Houston, P. B. Jones, C. Townsend, and J. D. Dick (2001)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 1143-1150
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Infect. Immun. 69, 2714-2717
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The Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Isoniazid and the Arg{right-arrow}Leu Mutation at Codon 463 of katG Are Not Associated.
H. R. van Doorn, E. J. Kuijper, A. van der Ende, A. G. A. Welten, D. van Soolingen, P. E. W. de Haas, and J. Dankert (2001)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 39, 1591-1594
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Intracellular pH regulation by Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
M. Rao, T. L. Streur, F. E. Aldwell, and G. M. Cook (2001)
Microbiology 147, 1017-1024
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Rapid Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection by Enumeration of Antigen-specific T Cells.
A. LALVANI, A. A. PATHAN, H. MCSHANE, R. J. WILKINSON, M. LATIF, C. P. CONLON, G. PASVOL, and A. V. S. HILL (2001)
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 163, 824-828
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PNAS 98, 1901-1906
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Treatment Adherence in Adolescents: Development and Psychopathology.
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S. M. Smith, R. Brookes, M. R. Klein, A. S. Malin, P. T. Lukey, A. S. King, G. S. Ogg, A. V. S. Hill, and H. M. Dockrell (2000)
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T. Ulrichs, P. Anding, S. Porcelli, S. H. E. Kaufmann, and M. E. Munk (2000)
Infect. Immun. 68, 6073-6076
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Evaluation of Etest for Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
M. L. Joloba, S. Bajaksouzian, and M. R. Jacobs (2000)
J. Clin. Microbiol. 38, 3834-3836
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Complement Receptor 3-Deficient Mice.
C. Hu, T. Mayadas-Norton, K. Tanaka, J. Chan, and P. Salgame (2000)
J. Immunol. 165, 2596-2602
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A Macrophage Invasion Mechanism for Mycobacteria Implicating the Extracellular Domain of CD43.
C. Fratazzi, N. Manjunath, R. D. Arbeit, C. Carini, T. A. Gerken, B. Ardman, E. Remold-O'Donnell, and H. G. Remold (2000)
J. Exp. Med. 192, 183-192
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Cloning and Expression of Immunoreactive Antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
R. L. Hong Lim, L. Kiang Tan, W. Fun Lau, M. Ching Ming, Chung, R. Dunn, H. Phon Too, and L. Chan (2000)
Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 7, 600-606
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Tuberculosis DNA Vaccine Encoding Ag85A Is Immunogenic and Protective When Administered by Intramuscular Needle Injection but Not by Epidermal Gene Gun Bombardment.
A. Tanghe, O. Denis, B. Lambrecht, V. Motte, T. van den Berg, and K. Huygen (2000)
Infect. Immun. 68, 3854-3860
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An Essential Two-Component Signal Transduction System in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
T. C. Zahrt and V. Deretic (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 3832-3838
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Genetic Antagonism and Hypermutability in Mycobacterium smegmatis.
P. Karunakaran and J. Davies (2000)
J. Bacteriol. 182, 3331-3335
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Characterization of a Mycobacterium smegmatis Mutant That Is Simultaneously Resistant to D-Cycloserine and Vancomycin.
M. Peteroy, A. Severin, F. Zhao, D. Rosner, U. Lopatin, H. Scherman, A. Belanger, B. Harvey, G. F. Hatfull, P. J. Brennan, et al. (2000)
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 1701-1704
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