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Science 3 December 1999:
Vol. 286. no. 5446, pp. 1897 - 1905
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5446.1897
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Review

Quality Control by DNA Repair

Tomas Lindahl, Richard D. Wood

Faithful maintenance of the genome is crucial to the individual and to species. DNA damage arises from both endogenous sources such as water and oxygen and exogenous sources such as sunlight and tobacco smoke. In human cells, base alterations are generally removed by excision repair pathways that counteract the mutagenic effects of DNA lesions. This serves to maintain the integrity of the genetic information, although not all of the pathways are absolutely error-free. In some cases, DNA damage is not repaired but is instead bypassed by specialized DNA polymerases.

Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Herts, EN6 3LD, UK.

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The post-replication repair RAD18 and RAD6 genes are involved in the prevention of spontaneous mutations caused by 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
M. de Padula, G. Slezak, P. Auffret van Der Kemp, and S. Boiteux (2004)
Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 5003-5010
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In situ analysis of repair processes for oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cells.
L. Lan, S. Nakajima, Y. Oohata, M. Takao, S. Okano, M. Masutani, S. H. Wilson, and A. Yasui (2004)
PNAS 101, 13738-13743
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Different Effects of CSA and CSB Deficiency on Sensitivity to Oxidative DNA Damage.
H. de Waard, J. de Wit, J.-O. Andressoo, C. T. M. van Oostrom, B. Riis, A. Weimann, H. E. Poulsen, H. van Steeg, J. H. J. Hoeijmakers, and G. T. J. van der Horst (2004)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 7941-7948
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Oxanine DNA Glycosylase Activity from Mammalian Alkyladenine Glycosylase.
T. M. Hitchcock, L. Dong, E. E. Connor, L. B. Meira, L. D. Samson, M. D. Wyatt, and W. Cao (2004)
J. Biol. Chem. 279, 38177-38183
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Biological consequences of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
T. B. Salmon, B. A. Evert, B. Song, and P. W. Doetsch (2004)
Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 3712-3723
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Identification of Genetic Variants in Base Excision Repair Pathway and Their Associations with Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
B. Hao, H. Wang, K. Zhou, Y. Li, X. Chen, G. Zhou, Y. Zhu, X. Miao, W. Tan, Q. Wei, et al. (2004)
Cancer Res. 64, 4378-4384