Note to users. If you're seeing this message, it means that your browser cannot find this page's style/presentation instructions -- or possibly that you are using a browser that does not support current Web standards. Find out more about why this message is appearing, and what you can do to make your experience of our site the best it can be.

Originally published in Science Express on 7 September 2006
Science 13 October 2006:
Vol. 314. no. 5797, pp. 268 - 274
DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427
Prev | Table of Contents | Next

Research Articles

The Consensus Coding Sequences of Human Breast and Colorectal Cancers

Tobias Sjöblom,1* Siân Jones,1* Laura D. Wood,1* D. Williams Parsons,1* Jimmy Lin,1 Thomas D. Barber,1{dagger} Diana Mandelker,1 Rebecca J. Leary,1 Janine Ptak,1 Natalie Silliman,1 Steve Szabo,1 Phillip Buckhaults,2 Christopher Farrell,2 Paul Meeh,2 Sanford D. Markowitz,3 Joseph Willis,4 Dawn Dawson,4 James K. V. Willson,5 Adi F. Gazdar,6 James Hartigan,7 Leo Wu,8 Changsheng Liu,8 Giovanni Parmigiani,9 Ben Ho Park,10 Kurtis E. Bachman,11 Nickolas Papadopoulos,1 Bert Vogelstein,1{ddagger} Kenneth W. Kinzler,1{ddagger} Victor E. Velculescu1{ddagger}

The elucidation of the human genome sequence has made it possible to identify genetic alterations in cancers in unprecedented detail. To begin a systematic analysis of such alterations, we determined the sequence of well-annotated human protein-coding genes in two common tumor types. Analysis of 13,023 genes in 11 breast and 11 colorectal cancers revealed that individual tumors accumulate an average of ~90 mutant genes but that only a subset of these contribute to the neoplastic process. Using stringent criteria to delineate this subset, we identified 189 genes (average of 11 per tumor) that were mutated at significant frequency. The vast majority of these genes were not known to be genetically altered in tumors and are predicted to affect a wide range of cellular functions, including transcription, adhesion, and invasion. These data define the genetic landscape of two human cancer types, provide new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, and open fertile avenues for basic research in tumor biology.

1 Ludwig Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
2 Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Colon Cancer Research, and South Carolina Cancer Center, Division of Basic Research, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29229, USA.
3 Department of Medicine, Ireland Cancer Center, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
4 Department of Pathology and Ireland Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
5 Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
6 Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
7 Agencourt Bioscience Corporation, Beverly, MA 01915, USA.
8 Soft Genetics LLC, State College, PA 16803, USA.
9 Departments of Oncology, Biostatistics, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
10 Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA.
11 Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

* These authors contributed equally to this work.

{dagger} Present address: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.

{ddagger} To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: vogelbe{at}jhmi.edu (B.V.); kinzlke{at}jhmi.edu (K.W.K.); velculescu{at}jhmi.edu (V.E.V.)

Read the Full Text

Find additional patient-related information at:

Gene Study Reveals New Cancer-Related Mutations

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Myeloid Translocation Gene 16 (MTG16) Interacts with Notch Transcription Complex Components To Integrate Notch Signaling in Hematopoietic Cell Fate Specification.
M. E. Engel, H. N. Nguyen, J. Mariotti, A. Hunt, and S. W. Hiebert (2010)
Mol. Cell. Biol. 30, 1852-1863
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Role for KAI1 in Promotion of Cell Proliferation and Mammary Gland Hyperplasia by the gp78 Ubiquitin Ligase.
B. Joshi, L. Li, and I. R. Nabi (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 8830-8839
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of Personalized Tumor Biomarkers Using Massively Parallel Sequencing.
R. J. Leary, I. Kinde, F. Diehl, K. Schmidt, C. Clouser, C. Duncan, A. Antipova, C. Lee, K. McKernan, F. M. De La Vega, et al. (2010)
Science Translational Medicine 2, 20ra14
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
S-Nitrosylation from GSNOR Deficiency Impairs DNA Repair and Promotes Hepatocarcinogenesis.
W. Wei, B. Li, M. A. Hanes, S. Kakar, X. Chen, and L. Liu (2010)
Science Translational Medicine 2, 19ra13
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Downregulation of Rap1GAP through Epigenetic Silencing and Loss of Heterozygosity Promotes Invasion and Progression of Thyroid Tumors.
H. Zuo, M. Gandhi, M. M. Edreira, D. Hochbaum, V. L. Nimgaonkar, P. Zhang, J. DiPaola, V. Evdokimova, D. L. Altschuler, and Y. E. Nikiforov (2010)
Cancer Res. 70, 1389-1397
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Non-codingRNA sequence variations in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia and colorectal cancer.
S. E. Wojcik, S. Rossi, M. Shimizu, M. S. Nicoloso, A. Cimmino, H. Alder, V. Herlea, L. Z. Rassenti, K. R. Rai, T. J. Kipps, et al. (2010)
Carcinogenesis 31, 208-215
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Candidate Cancer Genes Identified by a Large-Scale Cross-Species Comparative Oncogenomics Approach.
J. Mattison, J. Kool, A. G. Uren, J. de Ridder, L. Wessels, J. Jonkers, G. R. Bignell, A. Butler, A. G. Rust, M. Brosch, et al. (2010)
Cancer Res. 70, 883-895
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA Damage Drives an Activin A-Dependent Induction of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Premalignant Cells and Lesions.
C. Fordyce, T. Fessenden, C. Pickering, J. Jung, V. Singla, H. Berman, and T. Tlsty (2010)
Cancer Prevention Research 3, 190-201
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of Cancer Cell Lines.
Y. Zhang, M. J. Italia, K. R. Auger, W. S. Halsey, S. F. Van Horn, G. M. Sathe, M. Magid-Slav, J. R. Brown, and J. D. Holbrook (2010)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 9, 279-291
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 Function in Prostate Cancer Cells Causes Chemoresistance and Radioresistance and Promotes Tumor Growth.
P. Zhang, A. Singh, S. Yegnasubramanian, D. Esopi, P. Kombairaju, M. Bodas, H. Wu, S. G. Bova, and S. Biswal (2010)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 9, 336-346
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mammalian TIMELESS Is Required for ATM-dependent CHK2 Activation and G2/M Checkpoint Control.
X. Yang, P. A. Wood, and W. J. M. Hrushesky (2010)
J. Biol. Chem. 285, 3030-3034
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Preclinical Evaluation of Antrodia Camphorata Alcohol Extracts in the Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Using Non-invasive Molecular Imaging.
J.-F. Chiou, A. T. H. Wu, W.-T. Wang, T.-H. Kuo, J. G. Gelovani, I-H. Lin, C.-H. Wu, W.-T. Chiu, and W.-P. Deng (2010)
Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med.
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiple Genetic Variants in Telomere Pathway Genes and Breast Cancer Risk.
J. Shen, M. D. Gammon, H.-C. Wu, M. B. Terry, Q. Wang, P. T. Bradshaw, S. L. Teitelbaum, A. I. Neugut, and R. M. Santella (2010)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 19, 219-228
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ESR1/SYNE1 Polymorphism and Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk: An Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium Study.
J. A. Doherty, M. A. Rossing, K. L. Cushing-Haugen, C. Chen, D. J. Van Den Berg, A. H. Wu, M. C. Pike, R. B. Ness, K. Moysich, G. Chenevix-Trench, et al. (2010)
Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 19, 245-250
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Advances in translational bioinformatics: computational approaches for the hunting of disease genes.
M. G. Kann (2010)
Brief Bioinform 11, 96-110
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Inferring tumor progression from genomic heterogeneity.
N. Navin, A. Krasnitz, L. Rodgers, K. Cook, J. Meth, J. Kendall, M. Riggs, Y. Eberling, J. Troge, V. Grubor, et al. (2010)
Genome Res. 20, 68-80
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA Sequence Capture and Enrichment by Microarray Followed by Next-Generation Sequencing for Targeted Resequencing: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene as a Model.
L.-S. Chou, C.-S. J. Liu, B. Boese, X. Zhang, and R. Mao (2010)
Clin. Chem. 56, 62-72
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
COSMIC (the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer): a resource to investigate acquired mutations in human cancer.
S. A. Forbes, G. Tang, N. Bindal, S. Bamford, E. Dawson, C. Cole, C. Y. Kok, M. Jia, R. Ewing, A. Menzies, et al. (2010)
Nucleic Acids Res. 38, D652-D657
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
TP53 Mutations in Human Cancers: Origins, Consequences, and Clinical Use.
M. Olivier, M. Hollstein, and P. Hainaut (2010)
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2, a001008
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Role of Two Strictly Conserved Residues in Nucleotide Flipping and N-Glycosylic Bond Cleavage by Human Thymine DNA Glycosylase.
A. Maiti, M. T. Morgan, and A. C. Drohat (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 36680-36688
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutation patterns in cancer genomes.
A. F. Rubin and P. Green (2009)
PNAS 106, 21766-21770
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Signaling Does Not Activate the Wnt Cascade.
S. S. Ng, T. Mahmoudi, E. Danenberg, I. Bejaoui, W. de Lau, H. C. Korswagen, M. Schutte, and H. Clevers (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 35308-35313
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Molecular Basis of Colorectal Cancer.
S. D. Markowitz and M. M. Bertagnolli (2009)
N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2449-2460
   Full Text »    PDF »
Mutant Metabolic Enzymes Are at the Origin of Gliomas.
H. Yan, D. D. Bigner, V. Velculescu, and D. W. Parsons (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 9157-9159
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The Forest and the Trees: Pathways and Proteins As Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers.
M. M. Bertagnolli (2009)
J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 5866-5867
   Full Text »    PDF »
Clock Genes and Cancer.
P. A. Wood, Xiaoming Yang, and W. J. M. Hrushesky (2009)
Integr Cancer Ther 8, 303-308
   Abstract »    PDF »
Circadian Time-Dependent Tumor Suppressor Function of Period Genes.
Xiaoming Yang, P. A. Wood, C. Ansell, and W. J. M. Hrushesky (2009)
Integr Cancer Ther 8, 309-316
   Abstract »    PDF »
Emerging Roles of the EBF Family of Transcription Factors in Tumor Suppression.
D. Liao (2009)
Mol. Cancer Res. 7, 1893-1901
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Functional genomic screens identify CINP as a genome maintenance protein.
C. A. Lovejoy, X. Xu, C. E. Bansbach, G. G. Glick, R. Zhao, F. Ye, B. M. Sirbu, L. C. Titus, Y. Shyr, and D. Cortez (2009)
PNAS 106, 19304-19309
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mammalian Rif1 contributes to replication stress survival and homology-directed repair.
S. B.C. Buonomo, Y. Wu, D. Ferguson, and T. de Lange (2009)
J. Cell Biol. 187, 385-398
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Resequencing and copy number analysis of the human tyrosine kinase gene family in poorly differentiated gastric cancer.
T. Kubo, Y. Kuroda, H. Shimizu, A. Kokubu, N. Okada, F. Hosoda, Y. Arai, Y. Nakamura, H. Taniguchi, K. Yanagihara, et al. (2009)
Carcinogenesis 30, 1857-1864
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Automated inference of molecular mechanisms of disease from amino acid substitutions.
B. Li, V. G. Krishnan, M. E. Mort, F. Xin, K. K. Kamati, D. N. Cooper, S. D. Mooney, and P. Radivojac (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 2744-2750
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
P-REX2a Driving Tumorigenesis by PTEN Inhibition.
N. R. Leslie (2009)
Science Signaling 2, pe68
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer genome sequencing: a review.
E. R. Mardis and R. K. Wilson (2009)
Hum. Mol. Genet. 18, R163-R168
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MYC Activity Mitigates Response to Rapamycin in Prostate Cancer through Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E-Binding Protein 1-Mediated Inhibition of Autophagy.
B. S. Balakumaran, A. Porrello, D. S. Hsu, W. Glover, A. Foye, J. Y. Leung, B. A. Sullivan, W. C. Hahn, M. Loda, and P. G. Febbo (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 7803-7810
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic heterogeneity of Myc-induced mammary tumors reflecting diverse phenotypes including metastatic potential.
E. R. Andrechek, R. D. Cardiff, J. T. Chang, M. L. Gatza, C. R. Acharya, A. Potti, and J. R. Nevins (2009)
PNAS 106, 16387-16392
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Identification of Novel Gene Amplifications in Breast Cancer and Coexistence of Gene Amplification with an Activating Mutation of PIK3CA.
M. Kadota, M. Sato, B. Duncan, A. Ooshima, H. H. Yang, N. Diaz-Meyer, S. Gere, S.-I. Kageyama, J. Fukuoka, T. Nagata, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 7357-7365
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recurring Mutations Found by Sequencing an Acute Myeloid Leukemia Genome.
E. R. Mardis, L. Ding, D. J. Dooling, D. E. Larson, M. D. McLellan, K. Chen, D. C. Koboldt, R. S. Fulton, K. D. Delehaunty, S. D. McGrath, et al. (2009)
N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 1058-1066
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Activation of the PI3K Pathway in Cancer Through Inhibition of PTEN by Exchange Factor P-REX2a.
B. Fine, C. Hodakoski, S. Koujak, T. Su, L. H. Saal, M. Maurer, B. Hopkins, M. Keniry, M. L. Sulis, S. Mense, et al. (2009)
Science 325, 1261-1265
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Multiplex padlock targeted sequencing reveals human hypermutable CpG variations.
J. B. Li, Y. Gao, J. Aach, K. Zhang, G. V. Kryukov, B. Xie, A. Ahlford, J.-K. Yoon, A. M. Rosenbaum, A. W. Zaranek, et al. (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 1606-1615
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer-Specific High-Throughput Annotation of Somatic Mutations: Computational Prediction of Driver Missense Mutations.
H. Carter, S. Chen, L. Isik, S. Tyekucheva, V. E. Velculescu, K. W. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein, and R. Karchin (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 6660-6667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Copy number variation has little impact on bead-array-based measures of DNA methylation.
E. A. Houseman, B. C. Christensen, M. R. Karagas, M. R. Wrensch, H. H. Nelson, J. L. Wiemels, S. Zheng, J. K. Wiencke, K. T. Kelsey, and C. J. Marsit (2009)
Bioinformatics 25, 1999-2005
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli and Asef Function Downstream of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase.
Y. Kawasaki, S. Tsuji, M. Sagara, K. Echizen, Y. Shibata, and T. Akiyama (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 22436-22443
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genomic analysis reveals few genetic alterations in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia.
I. Radtke, C. G. Mullighan, M. Ishii, X. Su, J. Cheng, J. Ma, R. Ganti, Z. Cai, S. Goorha, S. B. Pounds, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 12944-12949
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IDH1 mutations are present in the majority of common adult gliomas but rare in primary glioblastomas.
K. Ichimura, D. M. Pearson, S. Kocialkowski, L. M. Backlund, R. Chan, D. T.W. Jones, and V. P. Collins (2009)
Neuro Oncology 11, 341-347
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epigenetic silencing of the kinase tumor suppressor WNK2 is tumor-type and tumor-grade specific.
P. Jun, C. Hong, A. Lal, J. M. Wong, M. W. McDermott, A. W. Bollen, C. Plass, W. A. Held, D. J. Smiraglia, and J. F. Costello (2009)
Neuro Oncology 11, 414-422
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Loss of Histone Deacetylase 4 Causes Segregation Defects during Mitosis of p53-Deficient Human Tumor Cells.
B. Cadot, M. Brunetti, S. Coppari, S. Fedeli, E. de Rinaldis, C. D. Russo, P. Gallinari, R. De Francesco, C. Steinkuhler, and G. Filocamo (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 6074-6082
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cul3 overexpression depletes Nrf2 in breast cancer and is associated with sensitivity to carcinogens, to oxidative stress, and to chemotherapy.
M. Loignon, W. Miao, L. Hu, A. Bier, T. A. Bismar, P. J. Scrivens, K. Mann, M. Basik, A. Bouchard, P. O. Fiset, et al. (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 2432-2440
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Therapeutic effects of ablative radiation on local tumor require CD8+ T cells: changing strategies for cancer treatment.
Y. Lee, S. L. Auh, Y. Wang, B. Burnette, Y. Wang, Y. Meng, M. Beckett, R. Sharma, R. Chin, T. Tu, et al. (2009)
Blood 114, 589-595
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Global reduction of the epigenetic H3K79 methylation mark and increased chromosomal instability in CALM-AF10-positive leukemias.
Y.-H. Lin, P. M. Kakadia, Y. Chen, Y.-Q. Li, A. J. Deshpande, C. Buske, K.-L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, G.-L. Xu, and S. K. Bohlander (2009)
Blood 114, 651-658
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Secretion of Tumor-Specific Antigen by Myeloma Cells Is Required for Cancer Immunosurveillance by CD4+ T Cells.
A. Corthay, K. U. Lundin, K. B. Lorvik, P. O. Hofgaard, and B. Bogen (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 5901-5907
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aberrant Splice Variants of HAS1 (Hyaluronan Synthase 1) Multimerize with and Modulate Normally Spliced HAS1 Protein: A POTENTIAL MECHANISM PROMOTING HUMAN CANCER.
A. Ghosh, H. Kuppusamy, and L. M. Pilarski (2009)
J. Biol. Chem. 284, 18840-18850
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary biology. Part 1: mutation and symbiogenesis.
F. P Ryan (2009)
J R Soc Med 102, 272-277
   Full Text »    PDF »
N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 4 (NDRG4): A Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene and Potential Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer.
V. Melotte, M. H. F. M. Lentjes, S. M. van den Bosch, D. M. E. I. Hellebrekers, J. P. J. de Hoon, K. A. D. Wouters, K. L. J. Daenen, I. E. J. M. Partouns-Hendriks, F. Stessels, J. Louwagie, et al. (2009)
J Natl Cancer Inst 101, 916-927
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Concomitant promoter methylation of multiple genes in lung adenocarcinomas from current, former and never smokers.
M. Tessema, Y. Y. Yu, C. A. Stidley, E. O. Machida, K. E. Schuebel, S. B. Baylin, and S. A. Belinsky (2009)
Carcinogenesis 30, 1132-1138
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer Genomes on a Shoestring Budget.
J. Shendure and C. J. Stewart (2009)
N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 2781-2783
   Full Text »    PDF »
Cancer Genome Sequencing--An Interim Analysis.
E. J. Fox, J. J. Salk, and L. A. Loeb (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4948-4950
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Epigenetic Modifiers: Basic Understanding and Clinical Development.
R. L. Piekarz and S. E. Bates (2009)
Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 3918-3926
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
C-terminal ADAMTS-18 fragment induces oxidative platelet fragmentation, dissolves platelet aggregates, and protects against carotid artery occlusion and cerebral stroke.
Z. Li, M. A. Nardi, Y.-S. Li, W. Zhang, R. Pan, S. Dang, H. Yee, D. Quartermain, S. Jonas, and S. Karpatkin (2009)
Blood 113, 6051-6060
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The tyrosine phosphatase PTPRD is a tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated and mutated in glioblastoma and other human cancers.
S. Veeriah, C. Brennan, S. Meng, B. Singh, J. A. Fagin, D. B. Solit, P. B. Paty, D. Rohle, I. Vivanco, J. Chmielecki, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 9435-9440
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Expression of the K303R Estrogen Receptor-{alpha} Breast Cancer Mutation Induces Resistance to an Aromatase Inhibitor via Addiction to the PI3K/Akt Kinase Pathway.
I. Barone, Y. Cui, M. H. Herynk, A. Corona-Rodriguez, C. Giordano, J. Selever, A. Beyer, S. Ando, and S. A.W. Fuqua (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4724-4732
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Hedgehog signalling in breast cancer.
M. Kasper, V. Jaks, M. Fiaschi, and R. Toftgard (2009)
Carcinogenesis 30, 903-911
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A Mutation in the {beta}3 Subunit of the Cardiac Sodium Channel Associated With Brugada ECG Phenotype.
D. Hu, H. Barajas-Martinez, E. Burashnikov, M. Springer, Y. Wu, A. Varro, R. Pfeiffer, T. T. Koopmann, J. M. Cordeiro, A. Guerchicoff, et al. (2009)
Circ Cardiovasc Genet 2, 270-278
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Development of Mammary Tumors by Conditional Expression of GLI1.
M. Fiaschi, B. Rozell, A. Bergstrom, and R. Toftgard (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4810-4817
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Genetic Inactivation of ADAMTS15 Metalloprotease in Human Colorectal Cancer.
C. G. Viloria, A. J. Obaya, A. Moncada-Pazos, M. Llamazares, A. Astudillo, G. Capella, S. Cal, and C. Lopez-Otin (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 4926-4934
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
RNAi screen for rapid therapeutic target identification in leukemia patients.
J. W. Tyner, M. W. Deininger, M. M. Loriaux, B. H. Chang, J. R. Gotlib, S. G. Willis, H. Erickson, T. Kovacsovics, T. O'Hare, M. C. Heinrich, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 8695-8700
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A tumor suppressive coactivator complex of p53 containing ASC-2 and histone H3-lysine-4 methyltransferase MLL3 or its paralogue MLL4.
J. Lee, D.-H. Kim, S. Lee, Q.-H. Yang, D. K. Lee, S.-K. Lee, R. G. Roeder, and J. W. Lee (2009)
PNAS 106, 8513-8518
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Novel Integrative Methods for Gene Discovery Associated With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Development.
I. M. Smith, S. K. Mithani, C. Liu, S. S. Chang, S. Begum, M. Dhara, W. Westra, D. Sidranksy, and J. A. Califano (2009)
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 135, 487-495
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High-throughput, high-accuracy array-based resequencing.
J. Zheng, M. Moorhead, L. Weng, F. Siddiqui, V. E. H. Carlton, J. S. Ireland, L. Lee, J. Peterson, J. Wilkins, S. Lin, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 6712-6717
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Immune Rejection of Mouse Tumors Expressing Mutated Self.
F. Duan, Y. Lin, C. Liu, M. E. Engelhorn, A. D. Cohen, M. Curran, S. Sakaguchi, T. Merghoub, S. Terzulli, J. D. Wolchok, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 3545-3553
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
KRAS/BRAF mutation status and ERK1/2 activation as biomarkers for MEK1/2 inhibitor therapy in colorectal cancer.
J. J. Yeh, E. D. Routh, T. Rubinas, J. Peacock, T. D. Martin, X. J. Shen, R. S. Sandler, H. J. Kim, T. O. Keku, and C. J. Der (2009)
Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 834-843
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
mtDNA mutation pattern in tumors and human evolution are shaped by similar selective constraints.
I. Zhidkov, E. A. Livneh, E. Rubin, and D. Mishmar (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 576-580
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
HistoneHits: A database for histone mutations and their phenotypes.
H. Huang, A. M. Maertens, E. M. Hyland, J. Dai, A. Norris, J. D. Boeke, and J. S. Bader (2009)
Genome Res. 19, 674-681
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recognition of Live Phosphatidylserine-Labeled Tumor Cells by Dendritic Cells: A Novel Approach to Immunotherapy of Skin Cancer.
M. R. Shurin, A. I. Potapovich, Y. Y. Tyurina, I. L. Tourkova, G. V. Shurin, and V. E. Kagan (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 2487-2496
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Critical Role of Smad2 in Tumor Suppression and Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}-Induced Apoptosis of Prostate Epithelial Cells.
J. Yang, R. Wahdan-Alaswad, and D. Danielpour (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 2185-2190
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A panel of isogenic human cancer cells suggests a therapeutic approach for cancers with inactivated p53.
S. Sur, R. Pagliarini, F. Bunz, C. Rago, L. A. Diaz Jr., K. W. Kinzler, B. Vogelstein, and N. Papadopoulos (2009)
PNAS 106, 3964-3969
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
KRAS Mutations and Sensitivity to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer: Practical Application of Patient Selection.
A. Jimeno, W. A. Messersmith, F. R. Hirsch, W. A. Franklin, and S. G. Eckhardt (2009)
J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 1130-1136
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
{beta}-Catenin Induces {beta}-TrCP-Mediated PER2 Degradation Altering Circadian Clock Gene Expression in Intestinal Mucosa of ApcMin/+ Mice.
X. Yang, P. A. Wood, C. M. Ansell, M. Ohmori, E.-Y. Oh, Y. Xiong, F. G. Berger, M. M. O. Pena, and W. J.M. Hrushesky (2009)
J. Biochem. 145, 289-297
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Clonal analysis of deletions on chromosome 20q and JAK2-V617F in MPD suggests that del20q acts independently and is not one of the predisposing mutations for JAK2-V617F.
F. X. Schaub, R. Jager, R. Looser, H. Hao-Shen, S. Hermouet, F. Girodon, A. Tichelli, H. Gisslinger, R. Kralovics, and R. C. Skoda (2009)
Blood 113, 2022-2027
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations in Gliomas.
H. Yan, D. W. Parsons, G. Jin, R. McLendon, B. A. Rasheed, W. Yuan, I. Kos, I. Batinic-Haberle, S. Jones, G. J. Riggins, et al. (2009)
N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 765-773
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
High-throughput sequencing screen reveals novel, transforming RAS mutations in myeloid leukemia patients.
J. W. Tyner, H. Erickson, M. W. N. Deininger, S. G. Willis, C. A. Eide, R. L. Levine, M. C. Heinrich, N. Gattermann, D. G. Gilliland, B. J. Druker, et al. (2009)
Blood 113, 1749-1755
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Transcriptome-guided characterization of genomic rearrangements in a breast cancer cell line.
Q. Zhao, O. L. Caballero, S. Levy, B. J. Stevenson, C. Iseli, S. J. de Souza, P. A. Galante, D. Busam, M. A. Leversha, K. Chadalavada, et al. (2009)
PNAS 106, 1886-1891
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aberrant DNA methylation is a dominant mechanism in MDS progression to AML.
Y. Jiang, A. Dunbar, L. P. Gondek, S. Mohan, M. Rataul, C. O'Keefe, M. Sekeres, Y. Saunthararajah, and J. P. Maciejewski (2009)
Blood 113, 1315-1325
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Combination Chemoprevention for Colon Cancer Targeting Polyamine Synthesis and Inflammation.
E. W. Gerner and F. L. Meyskens Jr. (2009)
Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 758-761
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
An Interstitial Deletion at 3p21.3 Results in the Genetic Fusion of MLH1 and ITGA9 in a Lynch Syndrome Family.
C. Meyer, A. Brieger, G. Plotz, N. Weber, S. Passmann, T. Dingermann, S. Zeuzem, J. Trojan, and R. Marschalek (2009)
Clin. Cancer Res. 15, 762-769
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Down-regulation of Rap1GAP via Promoter Hypermethylation Promotes Melanoma Cell Proliferation, Survival, and Migration.
H. Zheng, L. Gao, Y. Feng, L. Yuan, H. Zhao, and L. A. Cornelius (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 449-457
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Tgfbr1 Haploinsufficiency Is a Potent Modifier of Colorectal Cancer Development.
Q. Zeng, S. Phukan, Y. Xu, M. Sadim, D. S. Rosman, M. Pennison, J. Liao, G.-Y. Yang, C.-C. Huang, L. Valle, et al. (2009)
Cancer Res. 69, 678-686
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
ABCB8 Mediates Doxorubicin Resistance in Melanoma Cells by Protecting the Mitochondrial Genome.
A. M. Elliott and M. A. Al-Hajj (2009)
Mol. Cancer Res. 7, 79-87
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Bacterial Infection of Smad3/Rag2 Double-Null Mice with Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Dysregulation as a Model for Studying Inflammation-Associated Colon Cancer.
L. Maggio-Price, P. Treuting, H. Bielefeldt-Ohmann, A. Seamons, R. Drivdahl, W. Zeng, L. Lai, M. Huycke, S. Phelps, T. Brabb, et al. (2009)
Am. J. Pathol. 174, 317-329
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MoKCa database--mutations of kinases in cancer.
C. J. Richardson, Q. Gao, C. Mitsopoulous, M. Zvelebil, L. H. Pearl, and F. M. G. Pearl (2009)
Nucleic Acids Res. 37, D824-D831
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A DNA transposon-based approach to validate oncogenic mutations in the mouse.
Q. Su, H. M. Prosser, L. S. Campos, M. Ortiz, T. Nakamura, M. Warren, A. J. Dupuy, N. A. Jenkins, N. G. Copeland, A. Bradley, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 19904-19909
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Mutational Inactivation of PTPRD in Glioblastoma Multiforme and Malignant Melanoma.
D. A. Solomon, J.-S. Kim, J. C. Cronin, Z. Sibenaller, T. Ryken, S. A. Rosenberg, H. Ressom, W. Jean, D. Bigner, H. Yan, et al. (2008)
Cancer Res. 68, 10300-10306
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Unbiased Screening for Transcriptional Targets of ZKSCAN3 Identifies Integrin {beta}4 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as Downstream Targets.
L. Yang, L. Zhang, Q. Wu, and D. D. Boyd (2008)
J. Biol. Chem. 283, 35295-35304
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
A genomic approach to colon cancer risk stratification yields biologic insights into therapeutic opportunities.
K. S. Garman, C. R. Acharya, E. Edelman, M. Grade, J. Gaedcke, S. Sud, W. Barry, A. M. Diehl, D. Provenzale, G. S. Ginsburg, et al. (2008)
PNAS 105, 19432-19437
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
The consequences of tetraploidy and aneuploidy.
Z. Storchova and C. Kuffer (2008)
J. Cell Sci. 121, 3859-3866
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »


To Advertise     Find Products

Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)