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Science 2 May 2008:
Vol. 320. no. 5876, pp. 655 - 658
DOI: 10.1126/science.1153847
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Reports

Expanding Oxygen-Minimum Zones in the Tropical Oceans

Lothar Stramma,1* Gregory C. Johnson,2 Janet Sprintall,3 Volker Mohrholz4

Oxygen-poor waters occupy large volumes of the intermediate-depth eastern tropical oceans. Oxygen-poor conditions have far-reaching impacts on ecosystems because important mobile macroorganisms avoid or cannot survive in hypoxic zones. Climate models predict declines in oceanic dissolved oxygen produced by global warming. We constructed 50-year time series of dissolved-oxygen concentration for select tropical oceanic regions by augmenting a historical database with recent measurements. These time series reveal vertical expansion of the intermediate-depth low-oxygen zones in the eastern tropical Atlantic and the equatorial Pacific during the past 50 years. The oxygen decrease in the 300- to 700-m layer is 0.09 to 0.34 micromoles per kilogram per year. Reduced oxygen levels may have dramatic consequences for ecosystems and coastal economies.

1 Institut für Meereswissenschaften an der Universität Kiel (IFM-GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
3 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
4 Baltic Sea Research Institute Warnemünde, Post Office Box 301161, 18112 Rostock, Germany.

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lstramma{at}ifm-geomar.de

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THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN CITED BY OTHER ARTICLES:
Thresholds of hypoxia for marine biodiversity.
R. Vaquer-Sunyer and C. M. Duarte (2008)
PNAS 105, 15452-15457
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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)