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Science 3 November 1995:
Vol. 270. no. 5237, p. 713
DOI:

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Porous silicon is an efficient emitter of photoluminescence, compared with the relatively low emission from bulk or smooth surfaces. The mechanism that allows this enhanced emission might involve contributions from quantum confinement in nanocrystallites or excitation and emission from surface chemical species. Chin et al. (p. 776) measured photoluminescence from anodically etched silicon induced by multiphoton excitation with infrared light. The excitation was only effective when the infrared photon frequency matched the vibrational frequency of SiH surface species. The authors conclude that luminescence is the result of pumping the electronic excitation via a vibrational ladder, indicating that surface states play a key role.

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)