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Science 28 November 1997:
Vol. 278. no. 5343, p. 1541
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5343.1541n
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One of the central cytokines of the inflammatory response is interleukin-1, and yet our knowledge of how interleukin-1 receptors (IL-1Rs) transmit a signal to activate the transcription factor NF-kappaB is quite incomplete. Muzio et al. have elucidated some of the proximal components of the pathway. Taking clues from the "Toll" pathway, a homologous signaling pathway in Drosophila, they have cloned a second IL-1R-associated kinase, IRAK-2, and found that both IRAK-2, a protein similar to Drosophila's Pelle protein, and MyD88, similar to Toll itself, are in the IL-1R complex. MyD88 acts as an adapter that functions upstream of IRAK-2 activity, perhaps to regulate or enable kinase action to be regulated by receptor-cytokine interactions.

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)