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Science 30 October 1998:
Vol. 282. no. 5390, pp. 883 - 884
DOI: 10.1126/science.282.5390.883
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Policy Forum
ECOLOGY:
Nature's Subsidies to Shrimp and Salmon Farming
Rosamond L. Naylor, Rebecca J. Goldburg, Harold Mooney, Malcolm Beveridge, Jason Clay, Carl Folke, Nils Kautsky, Jane Lubchenco, Jurgenne Primavera, Meryl Williams
Although many fisheries stocks have declined precipitously throughout the world, fish farming--and especially shrimp and salmon farming--has boomed. The increasingly large scale of these enterprises is now having unforeseen ecological consequences on ocean resources through habitat destruction, effluent discharge, exotic species introductions, and heightened fish catch for feed use. Ending unsustainable production practices will require reorienting regulatory policies and fiscal incentives in shrimp- and salmon-producing counties, and enhancing restrictions on environmentally unsound practices.
R. L. Naylor is in the Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6055, USA. E-mail: roz{at}leland.stanford.edu. R. J. Goldburg is with the Environmental Defense Fund, 257 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010, USA. E-mail: Becky_Goldburg{at}edf.org. H. Mooney is in the Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA. E-mail: hmooney{at}leland.stanford.edu. M. Beveridge is in the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK. E-mail: mcmb1{at}stir.ac.uk. J. Clay is with the World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA. E-mail: Jason.Clay{at}wwfus.org. C. Folke and N. Kautsky are with the Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: calle{at}system.ecology.su.se and nils{at}system.ecology.su.se. J. Lubchenco is in the Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2914, USA. E-mail: lubchenj{at}bcc.orst.edu. J. Primavera is in the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines 5021. E-mail: nykjprim{at}iloilo.net. M. Williams is with the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), MC P.O. Box 2631, 0718 Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. E-mail: M.J.Williams{at}cgnet.com
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