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Science 22 October 1999:
Vol. 286. no. 5440, p. 667
DOI: 10.1126/science.286.5440.667a
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News Focus

NOBEL PRIZES:
Theory Leads to Particles and Prize

Alexander Hellemans

The 1999 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded last week to Gerardus 't Hooft and Martinus Veltman, two Dutch physicists who refined the electroweak theory, a key part of particle physicists' theoretical map, so that it can be used to calculate particle masses and behaviors. Their techniques allowed precise predictions of the masses of force-carrying particles called W and Z particles, which were ultimately created and detected in 1983 at CERN, the European particle physics laboratory near Geneva.

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Science. ISSN 0036-8075 (print), 1095-9203 (online)