This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 1 October 2004: 15.
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Editorial:
The Candidates Speak

Donald Kennedy
Science 1 October 2004: 19.
Published online 15 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1105134] (in Science Express Editorial)
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 1 October 2004: 21.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 1 October 2004: 25.
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 New Products

Science 1 October 2004: 133.
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News of the Week

EPIDEMIOLOGY:
VA Advisers Link Gulf War Illnesses to Neurotoxins

Jennifer Couzin
Science 1 October 2004: 26-27.
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FUSION SCIENCE:
Europe May Break Out of ITER Partnership

Daniel Clery
Science 1 October 2004: 26.
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CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
NIH Proposes Temporary Ban on Paid Consulting

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 1 October 2004: 27.
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Parkfield Happens

Richard A. Kerr
Science 1 October 2004: 27.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Heavy Breathing on Mars?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 1 October 2004: 29.
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U.S. SCIENCE BUDGET:
NSF, NASA Meet 2005 Request After 'Bonus' From Senate Panel

Andrew Lawler and Jeffrey Mervis
Science 1 October 2004: 30.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING:
Suit Seeks to Ease Trade Embargo Rules

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 1 October 2004: 30.
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GENETICS
DNA Reveals Diatom's Complexity

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 1 October 2004: 31.
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NONPROFIT WORLD:
Santa Fe Institute Seeks President

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 1 October 2004: 33.
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CANCER RESEARCH:
Pioneering Prevention Institute Declares Bankruptcy

Jocelyn Kaiser and David Malakoff
Science 1 October 2004: 33.
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ScienceScope

Science 1 October 2004: 29.
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Random Samples

Science 1 October 2004: 44.
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News Focus

DIABETES:
Islet Transplants Face Test of Time

Jennifer Couzin
Science 1 October 2004: 34-37.
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RESEARCH COMMUNITY:
Science Weathers the Storms

David Grimm
Science 1 October 2004: 37-39.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY:
Dressed for Success: Neandertal Culture Wins Respect

Michael Balter
Science 1 October 2004: 40-41.
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ENGINEERING OF SPORT MEETING:
In Volleyball, Crafty Players Serve Up an Aerodynamic Crisis

Adrian Cho
Science 1 October 2004: 42.
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ENGINEERING OF SPORT MEETING:
To Throw Farther, Waste Energy

Adrian Cho
Science 1 October 2004: 42-43.
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ENGINEERING OF SPORT MEETING:
Pulling Straight to the End of the Pool

Adrian Cho
Science 1 October 2004: 43.
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ENGINEERING OF SPORT MEETING:
Snapshots From the Meeting

Adrian Cho
Science 1 October 2004: 43.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 1 October 2004: 54.
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 Retraction

Carl C. H. Petersen, Michael Brecht, Thomas T. G. Hahn, and Bert Sakmann
Science 1 October 2004: 54.
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 GALEX and UV Observations

Peter G. Friedman and D. Christopher Martin
Science 1 October 2004: 54.
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 Clinical Trials or Exploitation?

Ignazio R. Marino and Claudia Cirillo
Science 1 October 2004: 54-55.
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 Climate Change and Malaria

Indur M. Goklany; and Sir David A. King
Science 1 October 2004: 55-57.
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 A Bit of History About Edwin A. Link

Richard W. Murray
Science 1 October 2004: 57.
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 CORRECTIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS

Science 1 October 2004: 57.
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Books et al.

BIOETHICS:
Thinking About Caring About Animals

David Magnus
Science 1 October 2004: 58-59.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
On the Power to Create

Iwan Rhys Morus
Science 1 October 2004: 59.
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 Books Received

Science 1 October 2004: 59.

Essays on Science and Society

BEYOND THE IVORY TOWER:
What Kind of Science Is Experimental Physics?

H. Otto Sibum
Science 1 October 2004: 60-61.
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Policy Forum

2004 PRESIDENTIAL FORUM:
Bush and Kerry Offer Their Views on Science

Science 1 October 2004: 46-52.
Published online 15 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1104420] (in Science Express Policy Forum)
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Perspectives

STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY:
Evolution of RNA Architecture

Eric Westhof and Christian Massire
Science 1 October 2004: 62-63.
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APPLIED PHYSICS:
Boosting Magnetoresistance in Molecular Devices

Christoph Strunk
Science 1 October 2004: 63-64.
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GEOPHYSICS:
Are Earth's Core and Mantle on Speaking Terms?

Cin-Ty Aeolus Lee
Science 1 October 2004: 64-65.
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VIROLOGY:
Enhanced: Src Launches Vaccinia

Alan Hall
Science 1 October 2004: 65-67.
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CELL BIOLOGY:
Chemical Genetics Hits "Reality"

David S. Bellows and Mike Tyers
Science 1 October 2004: 67-68.
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CLIMATE:
A Stellar View on Solar Variations and Climate

Peter Foukal, Gerald North, and Tom Wigley
Science 1 October 2004: 68-69.
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Review

Assessing the Causes of Late Pleistocene Extinctions on the Continents

Anthony D. Barnosky, Paul L. Koch, Robert S. Feranec, Scott L. Wing, and Alan B. Shabel
Science 1 October 2004: 70-75.
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Brevia

Curving and Frustrating Flatland

Kyusoon Shin, Hongqi Xiang, Sung In Moon, Taehyung Kim, Thomas J. McCarthy, and Thomas P. Russell
Science 1 October 2004: 76.
Forcing a polymer with two immiscible parts into cylindrical pores produced an unusual textured surface that provides new templates for material fabrication. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Maintained Cardiac Pumping in Anoxic Crucian Carp

Jonathan A. W. Stecyk, Kåre-Olav Stensløkken, Anthony P. Farrell, and Göran E. Nilsson
Science 1 October 2004: 77.
Unlike other vertebrates, the crucian carp can maintain a regular heartbeat and survive for up to 5 days when deprived of oxygen. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

The Genome of the Diatom Thalassiosira Pseudonana: Ecology, Evolution, and Metabolism

E. Virginia Armbrust, John A. Berges, Chris Bowler, Beverley R. Green, Diego Martinez, Nicholas H. Putnam, Shiguo Zhou, Andrew E. Allen, Kirk E. Apt, Michael Bechner, Mark A. Brzezinski, Balbir K. Chaal, Anthony Chiovitti, Aubrey K. Davis, Mark S. Demarest, J. Chris Detter, Tijana Glavina, David Goodstein, Masood Z. Hadi, Uffe Hellsten, Mark Hildebrand, Bethany D. Jenkins, Jerzy Jurka, Vladimir V. Kapitonov, Nils Kröger, Winnie W. Y. Lau, Todd W. Lane, Frank W. Larimer, J. Casey Lippmeier, Susan Lucas, Mónica Medina, Anton Montsant, Miroslav Obornik, Micaela Schnitzler Parker, Brian Palenik, Gregory J. Pazour, Paul M. Richardson, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Mak A. Saito, David C. Schwartz, Kimberlee Thamatrakoln, Klaus Valentin, Assaf Vardi, Frances P. Wilkerson, and Daniel S. Rokhsar
Science 1 October 2004: 79-86.
Diatoms, key members of marine and freshwater ecosystems, have genes for the urea cycle, for using lipids as an energy source, and for synthesizing their ornate, silica-based cell walls. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

The Kondo Effect in the Presence of Ferromagnetism

Abhay N. Pasupathy, Radoslaw C. Bialczak, Jan Martinek, Jacob E. Grose, Luke A. K. Donev, Paul L. McEuen, and Daniel C. Ralph
Science 1 October 2004: 86-89.
Forcing electrons with opposing spins to interact in a single C₆₀ molecule connected to nickel electrodes confirms theoretical predictions and can enhance the magnetoresistance of a device. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Extinct ²⁴⁴Pu in Ancient Zircons

Grenville Turner, T. Mark Harrison, Greg Holland, Stephen J. Mojzsis, and Jamie Gilmour
Science 1 October 2004: 89-91.
Excess amounts of a xenon isotope in 4.1- to 4.2-billion-year-old crystals reveals that some plutonium existed in early Earth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Geochemical Evidence for Excess Iron in the Mantle Beneath Hawaii

Munir Humayun, Liping Qin, and Marc D. Norman
Science 1 October 2004: 91-94.
Precise measurements of the iron/manganese ratio in Hawaiian volcanic rocks indicate that the underlying mantle is anomalously rich in iron, suggesting that the hot-spot plume may tap the core-mantle boundary. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Toroidal Triblock Copolymer Assemblies

Darrin J. Pochan, Zhiyun Chen, Honggang Cui, Kelly Hales, Kai Qi, and Karen L. Wooley
Science 1 October 2004: 94-97.
A polymer with three different segments can be induced to form toroidal shapes by balancing its negative charges with a divalent organic counterion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Multicompartment Micelles from ABC Miktoarm Stars in Water

Zhibo Li, Ellina Kesselman, Yeshayahu Talmon, Marc A. Hillmyer, and Timothy P. Lodge
Science 1 October 2004: 98-101.
Polymers consisting of three chemically incompatible arms assemble in water to form small particles containing multiple compartments possibly useful in drug delivery. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cope's Rule, Hypercarnivory, and Extinction in North American Canids

Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Xiaoming Wang, and John Damuth
Science 1 October 2004: 101-104.
Selection for large size and diets specializing in large prey during the past 50 million years frequently resulted in evolutionary failure in groups of dogs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Basis for Structural Diversity in Homologous RNAs

Andrey S. Krasilnikov, Yinghua Xiao, Tao Pan, and Alfonso Mondragón
Science 1 October 2004: 104-107.
In two versions of a ribozyme from different organisms, quite different secondary and tertiary RNA structures stabilize a similar RNA core that interacts with the substrate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Interstitial Collagenase Is a Brownian Ratchet Driven by Proteolysis of Collagen

Saveez Saffarian, Ivan E. Collier, Barry L. Marmer, Elliot L. Elson, and Gregory Goldberg
Science 1 October 2004: 108-111.
The enzyme that degrades collagen polymers does so by rectifying Brownian forces into a propulsion mechanism; the enzyme cannot backtrack because the polymer behind has been destroyed. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Life History Trade-Offs Assemble Ecological Guilds

Michael B. Bonsall, Vincent A. A. Jansen, and Michael P. Hassell
Science 1 October 2004: 111-114.
When competing predators have different life histories, they can coexist and survive utilizing a single limiting resource. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Zebrafish Dpr2 Inhibits Mesoderm Induction by Promoting Degradation of Nodal Receptors

Lixia Zhang, Hu Zhou, Ying Su, Zhihui Sun, Haiwen Zhang, Long Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuanheng Ning, Ye-Guang Chen, and Anming Meng
Science 1 October 2004: 114-117.
The signal that causes the mesoderm to form in developing embryos is modulated via degradation of its receptor. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ubistatins Inhibit Proteasome-Dependent Degradation by Binding the Ubiquitin Chain

Rati Verma, Noel R. Peters, Mariapina D'Onofrio, Gregory P. Tochtrop, Kathleen M. Sakamoto, Ranjani Varadan, Mingsheng Zhang, Philip Coffino, David Fushman, Raymond J. Deshaies, and Randall W. King
Science 1 October 2004: 117-120.
A new class of small-molecule anticancer drugs that interfere with protein degradation and halt cell division has been generated by using a chemical genetic screen. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Cytokine Receptors by Golgi N-Glycan Processing and Endocytosis

Emily A. Partridge, Christine Le Roy, Gianni M. Di Guglielmo, Judy Pawling, Pam Cheung, Maria Granovsky, Ivan R. Nabi, Jeffrey L. Wrana, and James W. Dennis
Science 1 October 2004: 120-124.
An enzyme that is up-regulated in carcinomas promotes cross-linking of receptors on the surface of the cancer cells, increasing their sensitivity to cytokines. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Src Mediates a Switch from Microtubule- to Actin-Based Motility of Vaccinia Virus

Timothy P. Newsome, Niki Scaplehorn, and Michael Way
Science 1 October 2004: 124-129.
Published online 5 August 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1101509] (in Science Express Reports)
Vaccinia virus co-opts a host protein that initiates polymerization of actin, which then enhances the spread of the virus from cell to cell. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nonvisual Photoreception in the Chick Iris

Daniel C. Tu, Matthew L. Batten, Krzysztof Palczewski, and Russell N. Van Gelder
Science 1 October 2004: 129-131.
Cryptochrome in the chick iris, like melanopsin in mammals, can mediate nonvisual responses to light. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|