This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 5 November 2004: 937.
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Editorial:
Decisive Day for European Research

Wilhelm Krull and Helga Nowotny
Science 5 November 2004: 941.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 5 November 2004: 943.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 5 November 2004: 951.
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 New Products

Science 5 November 2004: 1049.
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News of the Week

PLANETARY SCIENCE:
Titan Remains Mysterious With a Hint of the Familiar

Richard A. Kerr
Science 5 November 2004: 952-953.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Ducks May Magnify Threat of Avian Flu Virus

Dennis Normile
Science 5 November 2004: 953.
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SCIENCE POLICY:
Nanotech Forum Aims to Head Off Replay of Past Blunders

Robert F. Service
Science 5 November 2004: 955.
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FRENCH PROTESTS:
Researchers Back a 70-Page Agenda to Reform Agencies, Boost Careers

Barbara Casassus
Science 5 November 2004: 956-957.
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HIGH-ENERGY ASTROPHYSICS:
Hot on the Trail of Cosmic Rays

Daniel Clery
Science 5 November 2004: 956.
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RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES:
Putin: Reform Begins at Home

Andrey Allakhverdov and Vladimir Pokrovsky
Science 5 November 2004: 957.
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EUROPEAN UNION:
New Research Commissioner Caught in Controversy's Wake

Gretchen Vogel
Science 5 November 2004: 959.
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SCIENCE POLICY:
Japan to Host Global Forum on Societal Impacts

Dennis Normile
Science 5 November 2004: 959.
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PLANT BIOLOGY:
NO-Making Enzyme No More: Cell, PNAS Papers Retracted

John Travis
Science 5 November 2004: 960.
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INFECTIOUS DISEASES:
Ethicists to Guide Rationing of Flu Vaccine

Jennifer Couzin
Science 5 November 2004: 960-961.
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TOXICOLOGY:
EPA Criticized for Study of Child Pesticide Exposure

Erik Stokstad
Science 5 November 2004: 961.
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ScienceScope

Science 5 November 2004: 955.
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Random Samples

Science 5 November 2004: 971.
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News Focus

PALEONTOLOGY:
Dinosaurs Under the Knife

Erik Stokstad
Science 5 November 2004: 962-965.
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CANCER RESEARCH:
Inflammation and Cancer: The Link Grows Stronger

Jean Marx
Science 5 November 2004: 966-968.
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INVASIVE SPECIES:
Expanding Trade With China Creates Ecological Backlash

Dennis Normile
Science 5 November 2004: 968-969.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 5 November 2004: 975.
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 Remediating Rocky Flats

LeRoy Moore;, F. W. Whicker, T. G. Hinton, M. M. MacDonell, J. E. Pinder, III, and L. J. Habegger
Science 5 November 2004: 975.
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 Net Environmental Benefit Analysis

Rebecca A. Efroymson;, F. W. Whicker, T. G. Hinton, M. M. MacDonell, J. E. Pinder, III, and L. J. Habegger
Science 5 November 2004: 976.
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 Support for Steiger's Policies

Carol C. Adelman
Science 5 November 2004: 977.
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 The Gulf of Mexico's Dead Zone

Donald F. Boesch
Science 5 November 2004: 977-978.
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This Week's Letters

Science 12 November 2004: 1133.
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Books et al.

PHILOSOPHY AND BRAIN SCIENCE:
Thinking About the Conscious Mind

Christof Koch
Science 5 November 2004: 979-980.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
Reading Between the Lines

Charlotte Sleigh
Science 5 November 2004: 980.
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 Books Received

Science 5 November 2004: 980.

Essays on Science and Society

BEYOND THE IVORY TOWER:
Not a Pure Science: Chemistry in the 18th and 19th Centuries

Ursula Klein
Science 5 November 2004: 981-982.
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Perspectives

NEUROSCIENCE:
Enhanced: What Genes Tell Us About Nicotine Addiction

R. C. Hogg and D. Bertrand
Science 5 November 2004: 983-985.
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PHYSICS:
Molecular Plasmonics

Richard P. Van Duyne
Science 5 November 2004: 985-986.
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PHYSICS:
The Best Materials for Tiny, Clever Sensors

Chris Van Hoof, Kris Baert, and Ann Witvrouw
Science 5 November 2004: 986-987.
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MICROBIOLOGY:
Dynamic Instability of a Bacterial Engine

Jakob Moller-Jensen and Kenn Gerdes
Science 5 November 2004: 987-989.
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Review

Autophagy in Health and Disease: A Double-Edged Sword

Takahiro Shintani and Daniel J. Klionsky
Science 5 November 2004: 990-995.
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Brevia

Uridine Addition After MicroRNA-Directed Cleavage

Binzhang Shen and Howard M. Goodman
Science 5 November 2004: 997.
In plants, strings of uridine nucleotides are added to the bits of messenger RNA remaining after cleavage by microRNA, marking them for disposal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Jet and Accretion-Disk Emission Untangled in 3C 273

Paola Grandi and Giorgio G. C. Palumbo
Science 5 November 2004: 998-1002.
Much of the high-energy light coming from the region surrounding a black-hole nucleus of a nearby galaxy is from a highly variable jet of plasma. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Energy Transfer Across a Metal Film Mediated by Surface Plasmon Polaritons

P. Andrew and W. L. Barnes
Science 5 November 2004: 1002-1005.
Coupled emissions of light and electrons can transfer energy between molecules more than 100 nanometers apart on either side of a thin silver film. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Enhancement of Ferroelectricity in Strained BaTiO₃ Thin Films

K. J. Choi, M. Biegalski, Y. L. Li, A. Sharan, J. Schubert, R. Uecker, P. Reiche, Y. B. Chen, X. Q. Pan, V. Gopalan, L.-Q. Chen, D. G. Schlom, and C. B. Eom
Science 5 November 2004: 1005-1009.
A barium titanate film grown on an appropriately mismatched substrate is strained and therefore especially ferroelectric, providing a new material for memory storage devices. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cation Exchange Reactions in Ionic Nanocrystals

Dong Hee Son, Steven M. Hughes, Yadong Yin, and A. Paul Alivisatos
Science 5 November 2004: 1009-1012.
The divalent cations in cadmium selenide nanoparticles can be completely and reversibly replaced with monovalent silver cations, providing a route for synthesis of novel materials. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Hysteretic Adsorption and Desorption of Hydrogen by Nanoporous Metal-Organic Frameworks

Xuebo Zhao, Bo Xiao, Ashleigh J. Fletcher, K. Mark Thomas, Darren Bradshaw, and Matthew J. Rosseinsky
Science 5 November 2004: 1012-1015.
Published online 14 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1101982] (in Science Express Reports)
Two nickel-organic compounds have small flexible pores, less than 1 nanometer across, that allow high-pressure loading of hydrogen and storage at lower pressures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States

Edward R. Cook, Connie A. Woodhouse, C. Mark Eakin, David M. Meko, and David W. Stahle
Science 5 November 2004: 1015-1018.
Published online 7 October 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102586] (in Science Express Reports)
Tree rings reveal that much of the western United States suffered frequent and severe droughts 700 to 1100 years ago, a time when Earth's climate was relatively warm. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Biodiversity Effects on Soil Processes Explained by Interspecific Functional Dissimilarity

D. A. Heemsbergen, M. P. Berg, M. Loreau, J. R. van Hal, J. H. Faber, and H. A. Verhoef
Science 5 November 2004: 1019-1020.
Leaves decompose faster when diverse soil-dwelling invertebrates with many different functions are present than they do with highly abundant, but fewer, groups. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dynamic Instability in a DNA-Segregating Prokaryotic Actin Homolog

Ethan C. Garner, Christopher S. Campbell, and R. Dyche Mullins
Science 5 November 2004: 1021-1025.
A prokaryotic actin homolog polymerizes and depolymerizes as microtubules do in eukaryotes, perhaps helping DNA segregate during bacterial cell division. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Accumulation of Mn(II) in Deinococcus radiodurans Facilitates Gamma-Radiation Resistance

M. J. Daly, E. K. Gaidamakova, V. Y. Matrosova, A. Vasilenko, M. Zhai, A. Venkateswaran, M. Hess, M. V. Omelchenko, H. M. Kostandarithes, K. S. Makarova, L. P. Wackett, J. K. Fredrickson, and D. Ghosal
Science 5 November 2004: 1025-1028.
Published online 30 September 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1103185] (in Science Express Reports)
The very high concentrations of manganese in radiation-resistant bacteria likely mitigate damage due to radiation-induced oxygen species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nicotine Activation of 4* Receptors: Sufficient for Reward, Tolerance, and Sensitization

Andrew R. Tapper, Sheri L. McKinney, Raad Nashmi, Johannes Schwarz, Purnima Deshpande, Cesar Labarca, Paul Whiteaker, Michael J. Marks, Allan C. Collins, and Henry A. Lester
Science 5 November 2004: 1029-1032.
In mice, one subtype of the acetylcholine receptor is responsible for nicotine addiction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

MHC Class I Peptides as Chemosensory Signals in the Vomeronasal Organ

Trese Leinders-Zufall, Peter Brennan, Patricia Widmayer, Prashanth Chandramani S., Andrea Maul-Pavicic, Martina Jäger, Xiao-Hong Li, Heinz Breer, Frank Zufall, and Thomas Boehm
Science 5 November 2004: 1033-1037.
In mice, small peptides like those that bind to immune receptors can act as pheromones by activating nasal sensory neurons to regulate behavior. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Autophagy Defends Cells Against Invading Group A Streptococcus

Ichiro Nakagawa, Atsuo Amano, Noboru Mizushima, Akitsugu Yamamoto, Hitomi Yamaguchi, Takahiro Kamimoto, Atsuki Nara, Junko Funao, Masanobu Nakata, Kayoko Tsuda, Shigeyuki Hamada, and Tamotsu Yoshimori
Science 5 November 2004: 1037-1040.
Ordinary, nonimmune cells can destroy invading bacteria via a degradation system normally used to mobilize cellular components for reuse in times of stress. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Structural Insights into the Assembly of the Type III Secretion Needle Complex

Thomas C. Marlovits, Tomoko Kubori, Anand Sukhan, Dennis R. Thomas, Jorge E. Galán, and Vinzenz M. Unger
Science 5 November 2004: 1040-1042.
Electron cryomicroscopy reveals several configurations of the needle-like structure used by bacteria for injection of virulence factors into host cells, suggesting how the needle opens. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tracking SNARE Complex Formation in Live Endocrine Cells

Seong J. An and Wolfhard Almers
Science 5 November 2004: 1042-1046.
A fluorescent tagged protein allows visualization of the early stages of calcium-dependent secretion from living cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Link Between mRNA Turnover and RNA Interference in Arabidopsis

S. Gazzani, T. Lawrenson, C. Woodward, D. Headon, and R. Sablowski
Science 5 November 2004: 1046-1048.
During RNAi-triggered destruction of RNAs, the RNAi machinery recognizes its aberrant RNA target by the absence of the usual cap at its 5'?end. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "The Origins of Genome Complexity"

Vincent Daubin and Nancy A. Moran
Science 5 November 2004: 978.
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 Response to Comment on "The Origins of Genome Complexity"

Michael Lynch and John S. Conery
Science 5 November 2004: 978.
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