This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 24 December 2004: 2160.
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Editorial:
A Dangerous Signal to Science

Alan I. Leshner
Science 24 December 2004: 2163.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 24 December 2004: 2164.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 24 December 2004: 2167.
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 AAAS News & Notes

Science 24 December 2004: 2204-2205.

 New Products

Science 24 December 2004: 2273.
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News of the Week

HIV TRANSMISSION:
Allegations Raise Fears of Backlash Against AIDS Prevention Strategy

Jon Cohen
Science 24 December 2004: 2168-2169.
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HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS:
Report Slams SLAC's Safety Practices

Adrian Cho
Science 24 December 2004: 2169.
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CLINICAL TRIALS:
Halt of Celebrex Study Threatens Drug's Future, Other Trials

Jennifer Couzin
Science 24 December 2004: 2170.
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SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING:
Editing No Longer Infringes U.S. Trade Sanctions

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 24 December 2004: 2170.
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MOLECULAR BIOLOGY:
Long-Sought Enzyme Found, Revealing New Gene Switch on Histones

Jennifer Couzin
Science 24 December 2004: 2171.
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GENETICS:
A Ruff Theory of Evolution: Gene Stutters Drive Dog Shape

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 24 December 2004: 2172.
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EDUCATION:
Singapore Leads, U.S. Lags in Science, Math Student Achievement

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 24 December 2004: 2173.
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ScienceScope

Science 24 December 2004: 2171.
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Random Samples

Science 24 December 2004: 2184.
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News Focus

CELL BIOLOGY:
A Technical Fix For an Ethical Bind?

Constance Holden and Gretchen Vogel
Science 24 December 2004: 2174-2176.
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SELECT AGENTS:
Heightened Security or Neocolonial Science?

Richard Stone
Science 24 December 2004: 2177-2178.
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EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS:
Some Countries Are Betting That A Few Seconds Can Save Lives

Dennis Normile
Science 24 December 2004: 2178-2179.
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NUCLEAR PHYSICS:
A Plasma Too Far? Researchers Hunt for Early State of Matter

Charles Seife
Science 24 December 2004: 2180-2181.
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GEOMETRIC TOPOLOGY:
Taming the Hyperbolic Jungle by Pruning Its Unruly Edges

Dana Mackenzie
Science 24 December 2004: 2182-2183.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 24 December 2004: 2187.
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 Debate Over Open Access in the U.K.

Stevan Harnad
Science 24 December 2004: 2187.
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 Breast Cancer Risks for BRCA1/2 Carriers

Douglas F. Easton, John L. Hopper, Duncan C. Thomas, Antonis Antoniou, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Alice S. Whittemore, Robert W. Haile;, Sholom Wacholder, Jeffery P. Struewing, Patricia Hartge, Mark H. Greene, Margaret A. Tucker;, and Mary-Claire King
Science 24 December 2004: 2187-2191.
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 Research Ethics and the EPA

James F. Childress, Michael R. Taylor;, Ellen Silbergeld, Steven E. Lerman, and Leslie J. Hushka
Science 24 December 2004: 2191.
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Books et al.

HEALTH CARE:
Toward Better Drugs for Less

Daniel Philip Kessler
Science 24 December 2004: 2192-2193.
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BEHAVIOR:
Murder They Wrote

Richard A. Posner
Science 24 December 2004: 2193-2194.
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 Browsings

Science 24 December 2004: 2194.
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 Books Received

Science 24 December 2004: 2194.

Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH:
Enhanced: Will Vaccines Be Available for the Next Influenza Pandemic?

Klaus Stöhr and Marja Esveld
Science 24 December 2004: 2195-2196.
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Perspectives

ATMOSPHERE:
Ecological Versus Climatic Thresholds

Mark Maslin
Science 24 December 2004: 2197-2198.
Published online 2 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1107481] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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MICROBIOLOGY:
Microbial Life Breathes Deep

Edward F. DeLong
Science 24 December 2004: 2198-2200.
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PHYSICS:
The Electronic Structure of Liquid Lead

Yves Petroff
Science 24 December 2004: 2200-2201.
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ECOLOGY:
A Head Start for Some Redstarts

Geoffrey E. Hill
Science 24 December 2004: 2201-2202.
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MICROBIOLOGY:
Peptide Signals Sense and Destroy Target Cells

Danielle A. Garsin
Science 24 December 2004: 2202-2203.
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Association Affairs

_{PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS:}
What Is Good for Children Is Good for Mankind: The Role of Imagination in Discovery

Mary Ellen Avery
Science 24 December 2004: 2212-2213.
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Review

Toward a Systems Approach to Understanding Plant Cell Walls

Chris Somerville, Stefan Bauer, Ginger Brininstool, Michelle Facette, Thorsten Hamann, Jennifer Milne, Erin Osborne, Alex Paredez, Staffan Persson, Ted Raab, Sonja Vorwerk, and Heather Youngs
Science 24 December 2004: 2206-2211.
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Brevia

Cumulative Sperm Whale Bone Damage and the Bends

Michael J. Moore and Greg A. Early
Science 24 December 2004: 2215.
Bones from sperm whales contain lesions indicative of chronic decompression sickness, overturning the dogma that these animals are immune. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Distributions of Microbial Activities in Deep Subseafloor Sediments

Steven D'Hondt, Bo Barker Jørgensen, D. Jay Miller, Anja Batzke, Ruth Blake, Barry A. Cragg, Heribert Cypionka, Gerald R. Dickens, Timothy Ferdelman, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, Nils G. Holm, Richard Mitterer, Arthur Spivack, Guizhi Wang, Barbara Bekins, Bert Engelen, Kathryn Ford, Glen Gettemy, Scott D. Rutherford, Henrik Sass, C. Gregory Skilbeck, Ivano W. Aiello, Gilles Guèrin, Christopher H. House, Fumio Inagaki, Patrick Meister, Thomas Naehr, Sachiko Niitsuma, R. John Parkes, Axel Schippers, David C. Smith, Andreas Teske, Juergen Wiegel, Christian Naranjo Padilla, and Juana Luz Solis Acosta
Science 24 December 2004: 2216-2221.
Measurements of biomolecules and metabolic activity in several drill cores reveal that Pacific Ocean sediments host diverse microbial communities. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Electron Coherence in a Melting Lead Monolayer

F. Baumberger, W. Auwärter, T. Greber, and J. Osterwalder
Science 24 December 2004: 2221-2224.
Published online 25 November 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1103984] (in Science Express Reports)
Fixing a thin lead layer to a solid copper substrate allows the electronic properties of molten lead to be successfully probed, revealing how conducting electrons become localized as the metal melts. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Detection of a Deep 3-µm Absorption Feature in the Spectrum of Amalthea (JV)

Naruhisa Takato, Schelte J. Bus, Hiroshi Terada, Tae-Soo Pyo, and Naoto Kobayashi
Science 24 December 2004: 2224-2227.
Amalthea, a small moon of Jupiter, is covered with hydrous minerals or organic matter, indicating that it formed far from Jupiter, reaching its present location by migration or capture. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

First-Principles Theory for the H + CH₄ H₂ + CH₃ Reaction

Tao Wu, Hans-Joachim Werner, and Uwe Manthe
Science 24 December 2004: 2227-2229.
A quantum mechanical calculation accurately describes rate constants for a six-atom reaction, that of hydrogen with methane, over a range of temperatures. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reduced Competition and Altered Feeding Behavior Among Marine Snails After a Mass Extinction

Gregory P. Dietl, Gregory S. Herbert, and Geerat J. Vermeij
Science 24 December 2004: 2229-2231.
Although species diversity recovered quickly after a mass extinction 3 million years ago, predatory snails changed their feeding behavior in a way that reflected a decrease in competition. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Duration of Forest Stages in Southern Europe and Interglacial Climate Variability

P. C. Tzedakis, K. H. Roucoux, L. de Abreu, and N. J. Shackleton
Science 24 December 2004: 2231-2235.
Published online 2 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102398] (in Science Express Reports)
Climate and pollen records from the same deep-sea cores show that some forest ecosystems responded slowly to glacial climate swings, whereas others declined irreversibly even during relatively stable periods. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Asynchronous Terrestrial and Marine Signals of Climate Change During Heinrich Events

Tim C. Jennerjahn, Venugopalan Ittekkot, Helge W. Arz, Hermann Behling, Jürgen Pätzold, and Gerold Wefer
Science 24 December 2004: 2236-2239.
Published online 2 December 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1102490] (in Science Express Reports)
Climate and pollen records from the same deep-sea cores show that some forest ecosystems responded slowly to glacial climate swings, whereas others declined irreversibly even during relatively stable periods. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Seismological Constraints on Core Composition from Fe-O-S Liquid Immiscibility

George Helffrich and Satoshi Kaneshima
Science 24 December 2004: 2239-2242.
Seismic data indicate that Earth's liquid iron outer core contains a percentage of oxygen or sulfur by weight that is inadequate for producing detectable immiscible layers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Global Identification of Human Transcribed Sequences with Genome Tiling Arrays

Paul Bertone, Viktor Stolc, Thomas E. Royce, Joel S. Rozowsky, Alexander E. Urban, Xiaowei Zhu, John L. Rinn, Waraporn Tongprasit, Manoj Samanta, Sherman Weissman, Mark Gerstein, and Michael Snyder
Science 24 December 2004: 2242-2246.
Published online 11 November 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1103388] (in Science Express Reports)
A comprehensive search for transcribed sequences from both strands of the entire human genome has identified known genes and thousands of potential new ones. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Use of Logic Relationships to Decipher Protein Network Organization

Peter M. Bowers, Shawn J. Cokus, David Eisenberg, and Todd O. Yeates
Science 24 December 2004: 2246-2249.
Comparison of the co-occurrence of proteins among 67 sequenced genomes allows the construction of metabolic networks of interacting protein species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reproductive Effort, Molting Latitude, and Feather Color in a Migratory Songbird

D. Ryan Norris, Peter P. Marra, Robert Montgomerie, T. Kurt Kyser, and Laurene M. Ratcliffe
Science 24 December 2004: 2249-2250.
American redstarts that reproduce late in the season save energy by molting during migration and producing less colorful feathers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dephosphorylation of the Calcium Pump Coupled to Counterion Occlusion

Claus Olesen, Thomas Lykke-Møller Sørensen, Rikke Christina Nielsen, Jesper Vuust Møller, and Poul Nissen
Science 24 December 2004: 2251-2255.
Phosphoryl transfers allow muscle fibers to function by controlling access to the ion (calcium) and counterion (proton) binding sites of the calcium pump. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mouse Brain Organization Revealed Through Direct Genome-Scale TF Expression Analysis

Paul A. Gray, Hui Fu, Ping Luo, Qing Zhao, Jing Yu, Annette Ferrari, Toyoaki Tenzen, Dong-in Yuk, Eric F. Tsung, Zhaohui Cai, John A. Alberta, Le-ping Cheng, Yang Liu, Jan M. Stenman, M. Todd Valerius, Nathan Billings, Haesun A. Kim, Michael E. Greenberg, Andrew P. McMahon, David H. Rowitch, Charles D. Stiles, and Qiufu Ma
Science 24 December 2004: 2255-2257.
When and where 1457 transcription factors are expressed in the developing mouse brain reveals fundamental details of brain substructure. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Activity-Dependent Internalization of Smoothened Mediated by ß-Arrestin 2 and GRK2

Wei Chen, Xiu-Rong Ren, Christopher D. Nelson, Larry S. Barak, James K. Chen, Philip A. Beachy, Frederic de Sauvage, and Robert J. Lefkowitz
Science 24 December 2004: 2257-2260.
Two new members of a key pathway responsible for pattern formation during vertebrate development have been identified. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Generates Proliferative Human Islet Precursor Cells

Marvin C. Gershengorn, Anandwardhan A. Hardikar, Chiju Wei, Elizabeth Geras-Raaka, Bernice Marcus-Samuels, and Bruce M. Raaka
Science 24 December 2004: 2261-2264.
Published online 25 November 2004 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1101968] (in Science Express Reports)
Cultured human insulin-secreting cells can be coaxed to become less differentiated and then to divide into insulin-producing cells that are potentially useful for treating diabetes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

ß-Arrestin 2 Regulates Zebrafish Development Through the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Alyson M. Wilbanks, Gregory B. Fralish, Margaret L. Kirby, Larry S. Barak, Yin-Xiong Li, and Marc G. Caron
Science 24 December 2004: 2264-2267.
In zebrafish, a versatile protein that is bound to numerous signaling complexes is found to mediate a key developmental signaling pathway. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Role of the Kinase MST2 in Suppression of Apoptosis by the Proto-Oncogene Product Raf-1

Eric O'Neill, Linda Rushworth, Manuela Baccarini, and Walter Kolch
Science 24 December 2004: 2267-2270.
RAF-1, a well-known protein often mutated in cancer, acts on another signaling enzyme to control cell proliferation and death in normal and cancerous cells. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Enterococcus faecalis Senses Target Cells and in Response Expresses Cytolysin

Phillip S. Coburn, Christopher M. Pillar, Bradley D. Jett, Wolfgang Haas, and Michael S. Gilmore
Science 24 December 2004: 2270-2272.
When pathogenic bacteria attack, one member of a two-protein complex is bound by the target cells, releasing the other to induce the production of the bacterial toxin. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

 Comment on "The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton"

Patrick J. Keeling, John M. Archibald, Naomi M. Fast, and Jeffrey D. Palmer
Science 24 December 2004: 2191.
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 Response to Comment on "The Evolution of Modern Eukaryotic Phytoplankton"

Daniel Grzebyk, Miriam E. Katz, Andrew H. Knoll, Antonietta Quigg, John A. Raven, Oscar Schofield, F. J. R. Taylor, and Paul G. Falkowski
Science 24 December 2004: 2191.
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