This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 30 September 2005: 2133.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Risks and Risks

Donald Kennedy
Science 30 September 2005: 2137.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 30 September 2005: 2138.
|Full Text »

NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 30 September 2005: 2141.
|Full Text »

New Products

Science 30 September 2005: 2235.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

U.S. BIOMEDICAL POLICY:
NCI Head to Fill In at FDA After Crawford Resignation

Jennifer Couzin and Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 30 September 2005: 2142-2143.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY:
Indians Embrace Science, But Can't Always Practice It

Pallava Bagla
Science 30 September 2005: 2142.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY:
Hurricane Rita Spares Major Research Institutions

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 30 September 2005: 2143.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROSCIENCE:
Mutant Mice Reveal Secrets of the Brain's Impressionable Youth

Greg Miller
Science 30 September 2005: 2145.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

U.S. OCEAN POLICY:
Proposed Fisheries Bill Falls Short, Critics Say

Carolyn Gramling
Science 30 September 2005: 2146-2147.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIODIVERSITY:
Indian Activists Release Disputed Report

Pallava Bagla
Science 30 September 2005: 2146.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

EPIDEMIOLOGY:
Horse Flu Virus Jumps to Dogs

Martin Enserink
Science 30 September 2005: 2147.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROSCIENCE:
Neural Communication Breaks Down As Consciousness Fades and Sleep Sets In

Greg Miller
Science 30 September 2005: 2148-2149.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CRYPTOGRAPHY:
Simple Noise May Stymie Spies Without Quantum Weirdness

Adrian Cho
Science 30 September 2005: 2148.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

HIGH-RISK RESEARCH:
Six Women Among 13 NIH 'Pioneers'

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 30 September 2005: 2149.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 30 September 2005: 2145.
|Full Text »

Random Samples

Science 30 September 2005: 2160.
|Full Text »

News Focus

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY:
What's Wrong With the Endangered Species Act?

Erik Stokstad
Science 30 September 2005: 2150-2152.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

U.S. SCIENCE POLICY:
Agencies Hope to Cash In on the Allure of Competition

Eli Kintisch
Science 30 September 2005: 2153-2154.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

VIROLOGY:
Researchers Tie Deadly SARS Virus to Bats

Dennis Normile
Science 30 September 2005: 2154-2155.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

IRAQI SCIENCE:
In the Line of Fire

Richard Stone
Science 30 September 2005: 2156-2159.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

IRAQI SCIENCE:
Profile: Jafar Dhia Jafar

Richard Stone
Science 30 September 2005: 2158-2159.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 30 September 2005: 2163.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

 World's Largest Flora Completed

Qin-er Yang, Guanghua Zhu, Deyuan Hong, Zhengyi Wu, and Peter H. Raven
Science 30 September 2005: 2163.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 What Constitutes a Proper Description?

Robert M. Timm, Rob Roy Ramey, II, The Nomenclature Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists;, Stuart O. Landry;, Andrew Polaszek, Peter Grubb, Colin Groves, Carolyn L. Ehardt, and Thomas M. Butynski
Science 30 September 2005: 2163-2166.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Quantifying Publication Impact

Douglass F. Taber
Science 30 September 2005: 2166.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 30 September 2005: 2166.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
Mapping the Roads to Current Science

John Tresch
Science 30 September 2005: 2167-2168.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

HISTORY OF SCIENCE:
An Old Approach to a Revolutionary Regime

J. B. Shank
Science 30 September 2005: 2168-2169.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 30 September 2005: 2168.
Summary »|  

Policy Forum

AIDS:
Promote HIV Chemoprophylaxis Research, Don't Prevent It

Robert M. Grant, Susan Buchbinder, Willard Cates Jr., Edith Clarke, Thomas Coates, Myron S. Cohen, Martin Delaney, Guiselly Flores, Pedro Goicochea, Gregg Gonsalves, Mark Harrington, Javier R. Lama, Kathleen M. MacQueen, John P. Moore, Leigh Peterson, Jorge Sanchez, Melanie Thompson, and Mark A. Wainberg
Science 30 September 2005: 2170-2171.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

NEUROSCIENCE:
Widespread Cortical Networks Underlie Memory and Attention

David Gaffan
Science 30 September 2005: 2172-2173.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSICS:
Double Quantum Dot as a Quantum Bit

David P. DiVincenzo
Science 30 September 2005: 2173-2174.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CHEMISTRY:
New Gels for Mixing Immiscible Liquids

Philippe Poulin
Science 30 September 2005: 2174-2175.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CELL BIOLOGY:
Enhanced: A Fungal Achilles' Heel

Joseph Heitman
Science 30 September 2005: 2175-2176.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 30 September 2005: 2177.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Extracellular DNA Plays a Key Role in Deep-Sea Ecosystem Functioning

Antonio Dell'Anno and Roberto Danovaro
Science 30 September 2005: 2179.
The unexpectedly large amount of DNA in the top 10 centimeters of ocean sediments is important for the global cycling of organic phosphate.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Coherent Manipulation of Coupled Electron Spins in Semiconductor Quantum Dots

J. R. Petta, A. C. Johnson, J. M. Taylor, E. A. Laird, A. Yacoby, M. D. Lukin, C. M. Marcus, M. P. Hanson, and A. C. Gossard
Science 30 September 2005: 2180-2184.
Published online 1 September 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1116955] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Fast electrical pulses can be used to manipulate, exchange, and prolong the spin state of electrons in a pair of quantum dots, representing a quantum logic gate.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Hsp90 Potentiates the Rapid Evolution of New Traits: Drug Resistance in Diverse Fungi

Leah E. Cowen and Susan Lindquist
Science 30 September 2005: 2185-2189.
A molecular chaperone promotes the evolution of drug resistance by acting on a calcium regulatory protein; this effect can be blocked, inhibiting the development of resistance.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Influence of Gravity Waves on the Internal Rotation and Li Abundance of Solar-Type Stars

Corinne Charbonnel and Suzanne Talon
Science 30 September 2005: 2189-2191.
Hydrodynamic models of the Sun that include internal gravity waves like those in Earth's upper atmosphere correctly reproduce the observed rotation of the Sun and its elemental abundance.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Imaging Spin Transport in Lateral Ferromagnet/Semiconductor Structures

S. A. Crooker, M. Furis, X. Lou, C. Adelmann, D. L. Smith, C. J. Palmstrøm, and P. A. Crowell
Science 30 September 2005: 2191-2195.
Direct imaging visualizes the essential elements of a functional semiconductor spin transport device: spin injection, accumulation, transport, and detection.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Embedded Nanostructures Revealed in Three Dimensions

I. Arslan, T. J. V. Yates, N. D. Browning, and P. A. Midgley
Science 30 September 2005: 2195-2198.
Electron tomography reveals embedded quantum dots in a semiconductor at a resolution of one cubic nanometer.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Colloidal Jamming at Interfaces: A Route to Fluid-Bicontinuous Gels

K. Stratford, R. Adhikari, I. Pagonabarraga, J.-C. Desplat, and M. E. Cates
Science 30 September 2005: 2198-2201.
Simulations indicate that colloidal particles can become trapped at the interface between two separating liquids, and that when the separation is arrested, a gel is produced.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Rise of Oxygen over the Past 205 Million Years and the Evolution of Large Placental Mammals

Paul G. Falkowski, Miriam E. Katz, Allen J. Milligan, Katja Fennel, Benjamin S. Cramer, Marie Pierre Aubry, Robert A. Berner, Michael J. Novacek, and Warren M. Zapol
Science 30 September 2005: 2202-2204.
Mammals evolved, radiated, and grew in size as the concentration of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere increased during the past 100 million years.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Preindustrial to Modern Interdecadal Variability in Coral Reef pH

Carles Pelejero, Eva Calvo, Malcolm T. McCulloch, John F. Marshall, Michael K. Gagan, Janice M. Lough, and Bradley N. Opdyke
Science 30 September 2005: 2204-2207.
Boron isotopes indicate that corals in the southwestern tropical Pacific Ocean have adapted to pH changes of up to &plusmin;0.3 in the past 300 years.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Phylogenetic MCMC Algorithms Are Misleading on Mixtures of Trees

Elchanan Mossel and Eric Vigoda
Science 30 September 2005: 2207-2209.
A theoretical analysis shows that when a widely used method of phylogenetic reconstruction is applied to a mixture of sequences, unforeseen errors result.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dynamic Paternity Allocation as a Function of Male Plumage Color in Barn Swallows

R. J. Safran, C. R. Neuman, K. J. McGraw, and I. J. Lovette
Science 30 September 2005: 2210-2212.
If the plumage of male barn swallows is altered to show color deterioration, a sign of decreased quality, prospective mates will choose other males.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Transmembrane Protein GDE2 Induces Motor Neuron Differentiation in Vivo

Meenakshi Rao and Shanthini Sockanathan
Science 30 September 2005: 2212-2215.
A membrane enzyme that metabolized extracellular lipids is necessary and sufficient to induce the development of spinal motor neurons.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Tryptophan 7-Halogenase (PrnA) Structure Suggests a Mechanism for Regioselective Chlorination

Changjiang Dong, Silvana Flecks, Susanne Unversucht, Caroline Haupt, Karl-Heinz van Pée, and James H. Naismith
Science 30 September 2005: 2216-2219.
A flavin-dependent halogenase acts by reacting with Cl– to form HOCl,which then migrates through a tunnel to specifically chlorinate the 7-position of tryptophan.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rev1 Employs a Novel Mechanism of DNA Synthesis Using a Protein Template

Deepak T. Nair, Robert E. Johnson, Louise Prakash, Satya Prakash, and Aneel K. Aggarwal
Science 30 September 2005: 2219-2222.
A specialized polymerase is guided by its own structure to incorporate cytosine opposite guanine residues, rather than by base complementarity.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Experience-Driven Plasticity of Visual Cortex Limited by Myelin and Nogo Receptor

Aaron W. McGee, Yupeng Yang, Quentin S. Fischer, Nigel W. Daw, and Stephen M. Strittmatter
Science 30 September 2005: 2222-2226.
A cell signaling receptor in mice that controls myelination, among other things, is required to terminate the critical period for developing binocular vision.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Direct Evidence for a Parietal-Frontal Pathway Subserving Spatial Awareness in Humans

Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, Marika Urbanski, Hugues Duffau, Emmanuelle Volle, Richard Lévy, Bruno Dubois, and Paolo Bartolomeo
Science 30 September 2005: 2226-2228.
In conscious humans, a neural pathway that carries information to the frontal lobe is found to be necessary for spatial awareness.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Breakdown of Cortical Effective Connectivity During Sleep

Marcello Massimini, Fabio Ferrarelli, Reto Huber, Steve K. Esser, Harpreet Singh, and Giulio Tononi
Science 30 September 2005: 2228-2232.
Neural activity spreads to distant areas of the brain in humans when awake but not when sleeping.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

IP₃ Receptor Types 2 and 3 Mediate Exocrine Secretion Underlying Energy Metabolism

Akira Futatsugi, Takeshi Nakamura, Maki K. Yamada, Etsuko Ebisui, Kyoko Nakamura, Keiko Uchida, Tetsuya Kitaguchi, Hiromi Takahashi-Iwanaga, Tetsuo Noda, Jun Aruga, and Katsuhiko Mikoshiba
Science 30 September 2005: 2232-2234.
Certain subtypes of an intracellular lipid hormone receptor are required in the salivary glands and the pancreas for secretion of proteins necessary for proper digestion.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|