This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 25 November 2005: 1241.
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Editorial:
NASA: Back to Eating Seed Corn

Donald Kennedy
Science 25 November 2005: 1245.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 25 November 2005: 1247.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 25 November 2005: 1255.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 25 November 2005: 1351.
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News of the Week

AVIAN INFLUENZA: China Will Attempt Largest-Ever Animal Vaccination Campaign

Dennis Normile
Science 25 November 2005: 1256-1257.
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U.S. BUDGET: NIH Set for Tiny Spending Hike in 2006

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 25 November 2005: 1256.
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GENETICS: Expression of Endorphin Gene Favored in Human Evolution

Michael Balter
Science 25 November 2005: 1257.
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MEDICINE: Cancer-Suppressing Enzyme Adds a Link to Type 2 Diabetes

Jean Marx
Science 25 November 2005: 1259.
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SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE MEETING: Bats Have a Feel for Flight

Greg Miller
Science 25 November 2005: 1260-1261.
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SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE MEETING: Neuroscience Society Plans to Leave New Orleans High and Dry

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 25 November 2005: 1260.
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SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE MEETING: Computer Game Sharpens Aging Minds

Greg Miller
Science 25 November 2005: 1261.
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CANADA: New Funding Schemes Aim to Retain Top Academic Talent

Wayne Kondro
Science 25 November 2005: 1263.
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HIGHER EDUCATION: U.S. Plans Suit to Stop Minority-Only Programs

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 25 November 2005: 1263.
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ScienceScope

Science 25 November 2005: 1259.
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Random Samples

Science 25 November 2005: 1274.
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News Focus

AFTER KATRINA: Louisiana's Wetlands Struggle for Survival

Erik Stokstad
Science 25 November 2005: 1264-1266.
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AFTER KATRINA: Tapping a River to Restore and Build Up Wetlands

Erik Stokstad
Science 25 November 2005: 1265.
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AFTER KATRINA: New Orleans Labs Start Their Uncertain Comeback

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 25 November 2005: 1267-1269.
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CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS: Researchers Turn Up the Heat In Superconductivity Hunt

Robert F. Service
Science 25 November 2005: 1271-1272.
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SPACE SCIENCE: The Question on the Table: Will Europe Go to Mars?

Daniel Clery
Science 25 November 2005: 1272-1273.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 25 November 2005: 1276.
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 Making a Rebuilt New Orleans Sustainable

John W. Day
Science 25 November 2005: 1276.
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 Problems of Studying Extinction Risks

A. H. Harcourt;, David Putland;, Marcel Cardillo, Georgina Mace, and Andy Purvis
Science 25 November 2005: 1276-1278.
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 Benefits of a Regional Climate Model

Lara M. Kueppers
Science 25 November 2005: 1278-1279.
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 Proposed Changes to Biomedical Funding

Gregory R. Dressler
Science 25 November 2005: 1279.
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 The Paradox of Radiation's Effects

Rainer Facius
Science 25 November 2005: 1279.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 25 November 2005: 1279.
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Books et al.

PSYCHOLOGY: The Outer Limits of Belief

Stuart Vyse
Science 25 November 2005: 1280-1281.
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 Browsings

Science 25 November 2005: 1281.
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Books Received

Science 25 November 2005: 1281.
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Essays on Science and Society

125th Anniversary Series

Science 2 December 2005: 1435.
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Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH: Violence Against Women

Claudia Garcia-Moreno, Lori Heise, Henrica A. F. M. Jansen, Mary Ellsberg, and Charlotte Watts
Science 25 November 2005: 1282-1283.
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Perspectives

CELL SIGNALING: Frizzled at the Cutting Edge of the Synapse

Alfonso Martinez Arias
Science 25 November 2005: 1284-1285.
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ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: Tiny Bubbles Tell All

Edward J. Brook
Science 25 November 2005: 1285-1287.
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PLANETARY SCIENCE: Saturn's Strangest Ring Becomes Curiouser and Curiouser

Mark R. Showalter
Science 25 November 2005: 1287-1288.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Enhanced: Encountering MicroRNAs in Cell Fate Signaling

Xantha Karp and Victor Ambros
Science 25 November 2005: 1288-1289.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 25 November 2005: 1290-1291.
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Review

The Phanerozoic Record of Global Sea-Level Change

Kenneth G. Miller, Michelle A. Kominz, James V. Browning, James D. Wright, Gregory S. Mountain, Miriam E. Katz, Peter J. Sugarman, Benjamin S. Cramer, Nicholas Christie-Blick, and Stephen F. Pekar
Science 25 November 2005: 1293-1298.
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Brevia

Singing Icebergs

Christian Müller, Vera Schlindwein, Alfons Eckstaller, and Heinrich Miller
Science 25 November 2005: 1299.
Fluctuating water flow through cracks in a drifting Antarctic iceberg produces seismic signals that resemble moving versions of signals from some volcanoes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Cassini Discovers a Kinematic Spiral Ring Around Saturn

S. Charnoz, C. C. Porco, E. Déau, A. Brahic, J. N. Spitale, G. Bacques, and K. Baillie
Science 25 November 2005: 1300-1304.
Cassini images reveal that the faint, supposedly concentric strands making up Saturn's delicate F ring actually form a spiral that winds at least three times around the planet. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Encoding Electronic Properties by Synthesis of Axial Modulation-Doped Silicon Nanowires

Chen Yang, Zhaohui Zhong, and Charles M. Lieber
Science 25 November 2005: 1304-1307.
The number of charged electrons along the length of variably doped silicon nanowires can be modulated during growth, producing devices to decode electronic addresses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Super-Compressible Foamlike Carbon Nanotube Films

Anyuan Cao, Pamela L. Dickrell, W. Gregory Sawyer, Mehrdad N. Ghasemi-Nejhad, and Pulickel M. Ajayan
Science 25 November 2005: 1307-1310.
Carbon nanotubes can be linked to produce a rigid foamlike film that can be reversibly compressed to just 15 percent of its original size. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Nature of Aqueous Tunneling Pathways Between Electron-Transfer Proteins

Jianping Lin, Ilya A. Balabin, and David N. Beratan
Science 25 November 2005: 1311-1313.
Electron transfer between proteins in biologic reactions occurs rapidly across adjoining proteins, slowly through thin water layers, and even more slowly if the water layer is thick. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Stable Carbon Cycle–Climate Relationship During the Late Pleistocene

Urs Siegenthaler, Thomas F. Stocker, Eric Monnin, Dieter Lüthi, Jakob Schwander, Bernhard Stauffer, Dominique Raynaud, Jean-Marc Barnola, Hubertus Fischer, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, and Jean Jouzel
Science 25 November 2005: 1313-1317.
CO₂ levels, trapped deep in an Antarctic ice core, varied less between 650,000 and 400,000 years ago than they have since, consistent with that period's smaller temperature changes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Atmospheric Methane and Nitrous Oxide of the Late Pleistocene from Antarctic Ice Cores

Renato Spahni, Jérôme Chappellaz, Thomas F. Stocker, Laetitia Loulergue, Gregor Hausammann, Kenji Kawamura, Jacqueline Flückiger, Jakob Schwander, Dominique Raynaud, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, and Jean Jouzel
Science 25 November 2005: 1317-1321.
Methane levels varied less between 650,000 and 400,000 years ago than they have since; nitrous oxide levels also followed glacial climate swings, but in a more complex way. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Assistance of Microbial Glycolipid Antigen Processing by CD1e

Henri de la Salle, Sabrina Mariotti, Catherine Angenieux, Martine Gilleron, Luis-Fernando Garcia-Alles, Dag Malm, Thomas Berg, Samantha Paoletti, Blandine Maître, Lionel Mourey, Jean Salamero, Jean Pierre Cazenave, Daniel Hanau, Lucia Mori, Germain Puzo, and Gennaro De Libero
Science 25 November 2005: 1321-1324.
One member of an immune protein family helps to process lipid antigens for display on the cell surface; the other members provide the surface binding sites for these lipids. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Vertebrate-Type Intron-Rich Genes in the Marine Annelid Platynereis dumerilii

Florian Raible, Kristin Tessmar-Raible, Kazutoyo Osoegawa, Patrick Wincker, Claire Jubin, Guillaume Balavoine, David Ferrier, Vladimir Benes, Pieter de Jong, Jean Weissenbach, Peer Bork, and Detlev Arendt
Science 25 November 2005: 1325-1326.
Genes resembling intron-rich human genes are found in a marine polychaete, indicating their presence in the bilateral ancestor and their secondary loss in other invertebrates. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

SMEDWI-2 Is a PIWI-Like Protein That Regulates Planarian Stem Cells

Peter W. Reddien, Néstor J. Oviedo, Joya R. Jennings, James C. Jenkin, and Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado
Science 25 November 2005: 1327-1330.
Certain flatworms are able to regenerate damaged body parts because a protein possibly involved in RNA regulation of gene expression allows stem cells to produce new tissue. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

LIN-12/Notch Activation Leads to MicroRNA-Mediated Down-Regulation of Vav in C. elegans

Andrew S. Yoo and Iva Greenwald
Science 25 November 2005: 1330-1333.
Published online 20 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1119481] (in Science Express Reports)
A microRNA participates in the cell-cell interactions and biochemical feedback that specify the identity of vulva cells in a developing nematode. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe

Dagmar Schröter, Wolfgang Cramer, Rik Leemans, I. Colin Prentice, Miguel B. Araújo, Nigel W. Arnell, Alberte Bondeau, Harald Bugmann, Timothy R. Carter, Carlos A. Gracia, Anne C. de la Vega-Leinert, Markus Erhard, Frank Ewert, Margaret Glendining, Joanna I. House, Susanna Kankaanpää, Richard J. T. Klein, Sandra Lavorel, Marcus Lindner, Marc J. Metzger, Jeannette Meyer, Timothy D. Mitchell, Isabelle Reginster, Mark Rounsevell, Santi Sabaté, Stephen Sitch, Ben Smith, Jo Smith, Pete Smith, Martin T. Sykes, Kirsten Thonicke, Wilfried Thuiller, Gill Tuck, Sönke Zaehle, and Bärbel Zierl
Science 25 November 2005: 1333-1337.
Published online 27 October 2005 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1115233] (in Science Express Reports)
Climate and social changes in Europe over the next 80 years are predicted to degrade ecosystems services such as biodiversity and fresh water, especially in the Mediterranean and mountainous regions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Representation of Action-Specific Reward Values in the Striatum

Kazuyuki Samejima, Yasumasa Ueda, Kenji Doya, and Minoru Kimura
Science 25 November 2005: 1337-1340.
Monkeys assign a subjective reward value to their choices when making decisions, and this value is coded by neurons in an area near the center of the brain. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nucleus Accumbens Long-Term Depression and the Expression of Behavioral Sensitization

Karen Brebner, Tak Pan Wong, Lidong Liu, Yitao Liu, Paul Campsall, Sarah Gray, Lindsay Phelps, Anthony G. Phillips, and Yu Tian Wang
Science 25 November 2005: 1340-1343.
A type of neuronal plasticity in the rat that may underlie persistent drug craving in humans depends on the uptake and sequestration of glutamate receptors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Wingless Signaling at Synapses Is Through Cleavage and Nuclear Import of Receptor DFrizzled2

Dennis Mathew, Bulent Ataman, Jinyun Chen, Yali Zhang, Susan Cumberledge, and Vivian Budnik
Science 25 November 2005: 1344-1347.
A cell surface receptor at the neuromuscular junction is unexpectedly cleaved when bound by ligand, releasing a fragment that travels to the nucleus to control synapse formation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|