Modeling the Mind

Of Bytes and Brains

Peter Stern and John Travis
Science 6 October 2006: 75.
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News

An Enterprising Approach to Brain Science

Greg Miller
Science 6 October 2006: 76-77.
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Vision's Grand Theorist

Ingrid Wickelgren
Science 6 October 2006: 78-79.
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Reviews

Modeling Single-Neuron Dynamics and Computations: A Balance of Detail and Abstraction

Andreas V. M. Herz, Tim Gollisch, Christian K. Machens, and Dieter Jaeger
Science 6 October 2006: 80-85.
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Neuronal Computations with Stochastic Network States

Alain Destexhe and Diego Contreras
Science 6 October 2006: 85-90.
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Biologically Based Computational Models of High-Level Cognition

Randall C. O'Reilly
Science 6 October 2006: 91-94.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 6 October 2006: 13.
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Editorial:
Prying Open the Black Box

Floyd Bloom
Science 6 October 2006: 17.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 6 October 2006: 19.
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NetWatch

Best of the Web in science.
Science 6 October 2006: 27.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 6 October 2006: 149.
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News of the Week

GENETICS: Seeing a 'Plot,' deCODE Sues to Block a DNA Research Center

Eliot Marshall
Science 6 October 2006: 30.
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U.S. COMPETITIVENESS: Hopes for Innovation Bill Rest on Lame-Duck Congress

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 6 October 2006: 31.
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POLAR RESEARCH: U.S. Needs New Icebreakers, Report Tells Congress

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 6 October 2006: 33.
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NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE: Method to Silence Genes Earns Loud Praise

Jennifer Couzin
Science 6 October 2006: 34.
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NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS: Astrophysicists Lauded for First Baby Picture of the Universe

Adrian Cho
Science 6 October 2006: 35.
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ASTRONOMY: Speedy Planets Near Galactic Center Show Sun's Region Is No Fluke

Govert Schilling
Science 6 October 2006: 36.
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GEOCHEMISTRY: Has Lazy Mixing Spoiled the Primordial Stew?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 6 October 2006: 36-37.
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NONLINEAR DYNAMICS: Bizarrely, Adding Delay to Delay Produces Synchronization

Adrian Cho
Science 6 October 2006: 37.
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FRANCE: Presidential Hopefuls Discover a New Issue: Science

Martin Enserink
Science 6 October 2006: 39.
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BIODEFENSE: House Passes Plan for Drug, Vaccine R&D

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 6 October 2006: 39.
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ScienceScope

Science 6 October 2006: 33.
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Random Samples

Science 6 October 2006: 29.
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Newsmakers

Science 6 October 2006: 49.
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News Focus

JOHN NIEDERHUBER: A Physician-Scientist Takes the Helm of NCI

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 6 October 2006: 40-42.
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JOHN NIEDERHUBER: Budgets, Patients, Managing Conflicts

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 6 October 2006: 41.
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NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES: Picking Apart the Causes of Mysterious Dementias

Jean Marx
Science 6 October 2006: 42-43.
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SCIENCE POLICY: Priorities Needed for Nano-Risk Research and Development

Robert F. Service
Science 6 October 2006: 45.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Power to the (Poor) People

Robert F. Service
Science 6 October 2006: 46.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Cut-and-Copy Approach Clones Nanotubes

Robert F. Service
Science 6 October 2006: 46-47.
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AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MEETING: Snapshots From the Meeting

Robert F. Service
Science 6 October 2006: 47.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 6 October 2006: 51.
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 Post-Fire Logging Debate Ignores Many Issues

Dominick A. DellaSala, James R. Karr, Tania Schoennagel, Dave Perry, Reed F. Noss, David Lindenmayer, Robert Beschta, Richard L. Hutto, Mark E. Swanson, and Jon Evans
Science 6 October 2006: 51-52.
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 Preventing HIV/AIDS in Adolescents

Jane Roberts
Science 6 October 2006: 52.
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 On Purpose in Conservation

George M. Woodwell;, T. M. Brooks, R. A. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, J. Gerlach, M. Hoffmann, J. F. Lamoreux, C. G. Mittermeier, J. D. Pilgrim, and A. S. L. Rodrigues
Science 6 October 2006: 52-54.
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Books et al.

NEUROSCIENCE: A Case for the Moral Organ?

Michael R. Waldmann
Science 6 October 2006: 57-58.
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NEUROSCIENCE: The Powers of Rhythm

Pascal Fries
Science 6 October 2006: 58-59.
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NEUROSCIENCE: From the Dark Side to the Bright Side of Drug Addiction

Barry J. Everitt
Science 6 October 2006: 59-60.
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NEUROSCIENCE: How Does the Brain Deal with the Social World?

Sarah Jayne Blakemore
Science 6 October 2006: 60-61.
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Books Received

Science 6 October 2006: 61.
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Essays on Science and Society

EPPENDORF 2006 WINNER: A Dedicated System for Processing Faces

Doris Tsao
Science 6 October 2006: 72-73.
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EPPENDORF 2006 WINNER: 2006 Grand Prize Winner

Science 6 October 2006: 73.
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Policy Forum

PUBLIC HEALTH: Genomics and Medicine at a Crossroads in Chernobyl

Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Misha Angrist, and Robert Cook-Deegan
Science 6 October 2006: 62-63.
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Perspectives

CELL SIGNALING: The Double Life of a Transcription Factor Takes It Outside the Nucleus

Chan Young Park and Richard Dolmetsch
Science 6 October 2006: 64-65.
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CHEMISTRY: Mass Spectrometry: Bottom-Up or Top-Down?

Brian T. Chait
Science 6 October 2006: 65-66.
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EVOLUTION: Fossil Record Reveals Tropics as Cradle and Museum

Charles R. Marshall
Science 6 October 2006: 66-67.
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CANCER: Enhanced: Cancer Immunotherapy Is More Than a Numbers Game

Rienk Offringa
Science 6 October 2006: 68-69.
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CHEMISTRY: Boron Goes On the Attack

Todd B. Marder
Science 6 October 2006: 69-70.
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ASTRONOMY: Galactic Prominences on the Rise

Mark Morris
Science 6 October 2006: 70-71.
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Brevia

Generation of Simian-Tropic HIV-1 by Restriction Factor Evasion

Theodora Hatziioannou, Michael Princiotta, Michael Piatak, Jr., Fang Yuan, Fengwen Zhang, Jeffrey D. Lifson, and Paul D. Bieniasz
Science 6 October 2006: 95.
A modified HIV-1 resistant to certain enzymes can replicate in macaque T cells, potentially allowing the use of nonhuman primates to study AIDS. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Tests of General Relativity from Timing the Double Pulsar

M. Kramer, I. H. Stairs, R. N. Manchester, M. A. McLaughlin, A. G. Lyne, R. D. Ferdman, M. Burgay, D. R. Lorimer, A. Possenti, N. D'Amico, J. M. Sarkissian, G. B. Hobbs, J. E. Reynolds, P. C. C. Freire, and F. Camilo
Science 6 October 2006: 97-102.
Published online 14 September 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1132305] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Precision timing measurements of a double radio pulsar for nearly 3 years provide four tests of general relativity under strong gravitational fields and show that it holds to 0.05 percent. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Out of the Tropics: Evolutionary Dynamics of the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient

David Jablonski, Kaustuv Roy, and James W. Valentine
Science 6 October 2006: 102-106.
Analysis of marine bivalve fossils shows that the tendency of taxa to originate in the tropics and then expand poleward accounts for decreasing diversity toward the poles. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Molecular Loops in the Galactic Center: Evidence for Magnetic Flotation

Yasuo Fukui, Hiroaki Yamamoto, Motosuji Fujishita, Natsuko Kudo, Kazufumi Torii, Satoshi Nozawa, Kunio Takahashi, Ryoji Matsumoto, Mami Machida, Akiko Kawamura, Yoshinori Yonekura, Norikazu Mizuno, Toshikazu Onishi, and Akira Mizuno
Science 6 October 2006: 106-109.
Maps of emissions from carbon monoxide in the inner Milky Way reveal giant loops of fast-moving molecular gas that may be created by magnetic instabilities. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Extending Top-Down Mass Spectrometry to Proteins with Masses Greater Than 200 Kilodaltons

Xuemei Han, Mi Jin, Kathrin Breuker, and Fred W. McLafferty
Science 6 October 2006: 109-112.
Sheets of cadmium telluride particles can be assembled in a solvent without the usual constraint provided by a template or patterned surface. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Boryllithium: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity as a Boryl Anion

Yasutomo Segawa, Makoto Yamashita, and Kyoko Nozaki
Science 6 October 2006: 113-115.
A long-sought compound inverts the typically electropositive character of boron and acts as a base and nucleophile. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Unraveling the Mystery of Indian Monsoon Failure During El Niño

K. Krishna Kumar, Balaji Rajagopalan, Martin Hoerling, Gary Bates, and Mark Cane
Science 6 October 2006: 115-119.
Published online 7 September 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1131152] (in Science Express Reports)
Droughts in India are associated with only those El Niño events characterized by particularly warm sea surface temperatures in the central equatorial Pacific. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Large Punctuational Contribution of Speciation to Evolutionary Divergence at the Molecular Level

Mark Pagel, Chris Venditti, and Andrew Meade
Science 6 October 2006: 119-121.
About one-fifth of the amino acid changes producing genetic differences among species groups occur during rapid bursts of evolution; the rest accumulate during gradual divergence. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Action of TFII-I Outside the Nucleus as an Inhibitor of Agonist-Induced Calcium Entry

Gabriela Caraveo, Damian B. van Rossum, Randen L. Patterson, Solomon H. Snyder, and Stephen Desiderio
Science 6 October 2006: 122-125.
Although multiple genes are generally thought to control an individual's resistance to infection, only one gene determines susceptibility to a herpesvirus. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Cancer Regression in Patients After Transfer of Genetically Engineered Lymphocytes

Richard A. Morgan, Mark E. Dudley, John R. Wunderlich, Marybeth S. Hughes, James C. Yang, Richard M. Sherry, Richard E. Royal, Suzanne L. Topalian, Udai S. Kammula, Nicholas P. Restifo, Zhili Zheng, Azam Nahvi, Christiaan R. de Vries, Linda J. Rogers-Freezer, Sharon A. Mavroukakis, and Steven A. Rosenberg
Science 6 October 2006: 126-129.
Published online 31 August 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1129003] (in Science Express Reports)
Immune cells of cancer patients can be altered to carry genes that, in several cases, can successfully cause regression of some metastatic melanomas. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Manuela Neumann, Deepak M. Sampathu, Linda K. Kwong, Adam C. Truax, Matthew C. Micsenyi, Thomas T. Chou, Jennifer Bruce, Theresa Schuck, Murray Grossman, Christopher M. Clark, Leo F. McCluskey, Bruce L. Miller, Eliezer Masliah, Ian R. Mackenzie, Howard Feldman, Wolfgang Feiden, Hans A. Kretzschmar, John Q. Trojanowski, and Virginia M.-Y. Lee
Science 6 October 2006: 130-133.
The protein involved in the pathology of certain neurodegenerative diseases is identified. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Infectious Prions in the Saliva and Blood of Deer with Chronic Wasting Disease

Candace K. Mathiason, Jenny G. Powers, Sallie J. Dahmes, David A. Osborn, Karl V. Miller, Robert J. Warren, Gary L. Mason, Sheila A. Hays, Jeanette Hayes-Klug, Davis M. Seelig, Margaret A. Wild, Lisa L. Wolfe, Terry R. Spraker, Michael W. Miller, Christina J. Sigurdson, Glenn C. Telling, and Edward A. Hoover
Science 6 October 2006: 133-136.
Body fluids from infected deer contain infectious prions, possibly explaining the ease with which chronic wasting disease passes among deer and elk. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Modulation of Cell Adhesion and Motility in the Immune System by Myo1f

Sangwon V. Kim, Wajahat Z. Mehal, Xuemei Dong, Volkmar Heinrich, Marc Pypaert, Ira Mellman, Micah Dembo, Mark S. Mooseker, Dianqing Wu, and Richard A. Flavell
Science 6 October 2006: 136-139.
An unconventional form of long-tailed myosin regulates the adhesion proteins of immune cells, explaining the immunological defects in mice lacking this protein. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genetic Variant BDNF (Val66Met) Polymorphism Alters Anxiety-Related Behavior

Zhe-Yu Chen, Deqiang Jing, Kevin G. Bath, Alessandro Ieraci, Tanvir Khan, Chia-Jen Siao, Daniel G. Herrera, Miklos Toth, Chingwen Yang, Bruce S. McEwen, Barbara L. Hempstead, and Francis S. Lee
Science 6 October 2006: 140-143.
Mice carrying a neurotransmitter with one defective amino acid display memory and mood problems similar to those of humans with the same variant. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Activity- and mTOR-Dependent Suppression of Kv1.1 Channel mRNA Translation in Dendrites

Kimberly F. Raab-Graham, Patrick C. G. Haddick, Yuh Nung Jan, and Lily Yeh Jan
Science 6 October 2006: 144-148.
The synthesis of a potassium channel is decreased by neuronal activity near synapses of hippocampal cells, providing a local feedback circuit. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Pairing and Phase Separation in a Polarized Fermi Gas"

Martin W. Zwierlein and Wolfgang Ketterle
Science 6 October 2006: 54.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Response to Comment on "Pairing and Phase Separation in a Polarized Fermi Gas"

Guthrie B. Partridge, Wenhui Li, Ramsey I. Kamar, Yean-an Liao, and Randall G. Hulet
Science 6 October 2006: 54.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|