This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 24 November 2006: 1213.
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Editorial:
Carbon Trading

William H. Schlesinger
Science 24 November 2006: 1217.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 24 November 2006: 1218.
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Gordon Research Conferences

Science 24 November 2006: 1315-1316.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 24 November 2006: 1317.
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News of the Week

GLOBAL WARMING: U.N. Conference Puts Spotlight on Reducing Impact of Climate Change

Richard Stone and John Bohannon
Science 24 November 2006: 1224-1225.
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DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Teams Identify Cardiac 'Stem Cell'

Jennifer Couzin
Science 24 November 2006: 1225.
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FUSION: Scientists Reap ITER's First Dividends

Daniel Clery
Science 24 November 2006: 1227.
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SHERWOOD BOEHLERT INTERVIEW: Explaining Science to Power: Make It Simple, Make It Pay

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 24 November 2006: 1228-1229.
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U.S. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: Patent Experts Hope High Court Will Clarify What's Obvious

Eli Kintisch
Science 24 November 2006: 1230-1231.
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U.S. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW: Government Questions Sequencing Patent

Eli Kintisch
Science 24 November 2006: 1230.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: Resignations Rock Census Bureau

Constance Holden
Science 24 November 2006: 1231.
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ScienceScope

Science 24 November 2006: 1227.
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Random Samples

Science 24 November 2006: 1221.
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Newsmakers

Science 24 November 2006: 1223.
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News Focus

CHINESE GENE THERAPY: Splicing Out the West?

Jerry Guo and Hao Xin
Science 24 November 2006: 1232-1235.
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CHINESE GENE THERAPY: Gendicine's Efficacy: Hard to Translate

Hao Xin
Science 24 November 2006: 1233.
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HERVÉ THIS PROFILE: The Joy of Evidence-Based Cooking

Martin Enserink
Science 24 November 2006: 1235-1236.
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SCIENCE FUNDING: Italy's Research Crunch: Election Promises Fade

Susan Biggin
Science 24 November 2006: 1237.
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EVOLUTION: Two Rapidly Evolving Genes Spell Trouble for Hybrids

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 24 November 2006: 1238-1239.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 24 November 2006: 1241.
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 A Debate Over Iraqi Death Estimates

Gilbert Burnham, Les Roberts;, and John Bohannon
Science 24 November 2006: 1241.
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 A Nonprotein Amino Acid and Neurodegeneration

Paul A. Cox and Sandra A. Banack
Science 24 November 2006: 1242.
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 Plants, RNAi, and the Nobel Prize

Rich Jorgensen;, Marjori Matzke, and Antonius J. M. Matzke
Science 24 November 2006: 1242-1243.
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Books et al.

POLITICAL SCIENCE: Learning to Become a "Good" Citizen

André Blais
Science 24 November 2006: 1244-1245.
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SCIENCE CAREERS: An Unpredictable Future Should Not Stop You from Planning

Dmitrii F. Perepichka
Science 24 November 2006: 1245.
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Books Received

Science 24 November 2006: 1245.
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Education Forum

MENTORING: Volunteers Bring Passion to Science Outreach

Moriah R. Beck, Elizabeth A. Morgan, Stephanie S. Strand, and Thomas A. Woolsey
Science 24 November 2006: 1246-1247.
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Perspectives

PHYSICS: Superconductivity with a Twist

Maurice Rice
Science 24 November 2006: 1248-1249.
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NEUROSCIENCE: The Brain's Dark Energy

Marcus E. Raichle
Science 24 November 2006: 1249-1250.
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ATMOSPHERE: Enhanced: How Fast Are the Ice Sheets Melting?

Anny Cazenave
Science 24 November 2006: 1250-1252.
Published online 19 October 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1133325] (in Science Express Perspectives)
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PLANT SCIENCE: Distributing Nutrition

Jonathan D. Gitlin
Science 24 November 2006: 1252-1253.
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ATMOSPHERE: Global Change in the Upper Atmosphere

J. Laštovička, R. A. Akmaev, G. Beig, J. Bremer, and J. T. Emmert
Science 24 November 2006: 1253-1254.
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PALEOECOLOGY: Life's Complexity Cast in Stone

Wolfgang Kiessling
Science 24 November 2006: 1254-1255.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 24 November 2006: 1256-1260.
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Review

What Is Natural? The Need for a Long-Term Perspective in Biodiversity Conservation

K. J. Willis and H. J. B. Birks
Science 24 November 2006: 1261-1265.
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Brevia

Effective Enforcement in a Conservation Area

Ray Hilborn, Peter Arcese, Markus Borner, Justin Hando, Grant Hopcraft, Martin Loibooki, Simon Mduma, and Anthony R. E. Sinclair
Science 24 November 2006: 1266.
Antipoaching measures introduced in Serengeti National Park in Tanzania in the mid-1980s have allowed populations of buffalo, elephants, and rhinoceros to recover. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Dynamical Superconducting Order Parameter Domains in Sr₂RuO₄

Francoise Kidwingira, J. D. Strand, D. J. Van Harlingen, and Yoshiteru Maeno
Science 24 November 2006: 1267-1271.
Published online 26 October 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1133239] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Direct observations reveal that strontium ruthenate becomes superconducting through complex p-wave electron pairing, as predicted by theory. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Post-Perovskite Lens and D'' Heat Flux Beneath the Central Pacific

Thorne Lay, John Hernlund, Edward J. Garnero, and Michael S. Thorne
Science 24 November 2006: 1272-1276.
Seismic detection of an iron-rich province in the mantle just above Earth's core allows inference of temperatures at the base of the mantle and the heat flux from the core. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Radar Imaging of Binary Near-Earth Asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4

Steven. J. Ostro, Jean-Luc Margot, Lance A. M. Benner, Jon D. Giorgini, Daniel J. Scheeres, Eugene G. Fahnestock, Stephen B. Broschart, Julie Bellerose, Michael C. Nolan, Christopher Magri, Petr Pravec, Petr Scheirich, Randy Rose, Raymond F. Jurgens, Eric M. De Jong, and Shigeru Suzuki
Science 24 November 2006: 1276-1280.
Published online 12 October 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1133622] (in Science Express Reports)
Radar mapping shows that a large, Earth-approaching binary asteroid is composed of a 0.5-kilometer asteroid orbiting a larger, unconsolidated and rapidly spinning companion. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dynamical Configuration of Binary Near-Earth Asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4

D. J. Scheeres, E. G. Fahnestock, S. J. Ostro, J.-L. Margot, L. A. M. Benner, S. B. Broschart, J. Bellerose, J. D. Giorgini, M. C. Nolan, C. Magri, P. Pravec, P. Scheirich, R. Rose, R. F. Jurgens, E. M. De Jong, and S. Suzuki
Science 24 November 2006: 1280-1283.
Published online 12 October 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1133599] (in Science Express Reports)
A binary near-Earth asteroid's shape, orbit, and rotation, which is almost rapid enough to break it apart, are the results of its recent close passage to the Sun or Earth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ongoing Buildup of Refractory Organic Carbon in Boreal Soils During the Holocene

R. H. Smittenberg, T. I. Eglinton, S. Schouten, and J. S. Sinninghe Damsté
Science 24 November 2006: 1283-1286.
Accumulation of organic material in soils of the Pacific Northwest began after its glaciers receded and surprisingly continues, providing an ongoing carbon sink. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Recent Greenland Ice Mass Loss by Drainage System from Satellite Gravity Observations

S. B. Luthcke, H. J. Zwally, W. Abdalati, D. D. Rowlands, R. D. Ray, R. S. Nerem, F. G. Lemoine, J. J. McCarthy, and D. S. Chinn
Science 24 November 2006: 1286-1289.
Published online 19 October 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1130776] (in Science Express Reports)
GRACE satellite analysis of regional changes in the gravity of the Greenland Ice Sheet implies that the ice sheet lost about 100 gigatons of ice each year from 2003 to 2005. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Abundance Distributions Imply Elevated Complexity of Post-Paleozoic Marine Ecosystems

Peter J. Wagner, Matthew A. Kosnik, and Scott Lidgard
Science 24 November 2006: 1289-1292.
Analysis of the abundance of marine species since the Cambrian indicate that ecological complexity, characterized by mobile taxa, increased greatly after the Permian extinction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Two Dobzhansky-Muller Genes Interact to Cause Hybrid Lethality in Drosophila

Nicholas J. Brideau, Heather A. Flores, Jun Wang, Shamoni Maheshwari, Xu Wang, and Daniel A. Barbash
Science 24 November 2006: 1292-1295.
Sterility in the hybrid offspring of two fruit fly species is caused by a pair of interacting genes, one of which has been positively selected. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Localization of Iron in Arabidopsis Seed Requires the Vacuolar Membrane Transporter VIT1

Sun A. Kim, Tracy Punshon, Antonio Lanzirotti, Liangtao Li, José M. Alonso, Joseph R. Ecker, Jerry Kaplan, and Mary Lou Guerinot
Science 24 November 2006: 1295-1298.
Published online 2 November 2006 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1132563] (in Science Express Reports)
A transporter sequesters iron essential for plant growth in the vacuoles of embryonic vascular cells and may provide a way to enrich the iron content of grains. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A NAC Gene Regulating Senescence Improves Grain Protein, Zinc, and Iron Content in Wheat

Cristobal Uauy, Assaf Distelfeld, Tzion Fahima, Ann Blechl, and Jorge Dubcovsky
Science 24 November 2006: 1298-1301.
A gene in wild wheat increases its protein, zinc, and iron content and could be inserted into domesticated wheat to increase its nutritional value. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evolutionary History of Salmonella Typhi

Philippe Roumagnac, François-Xavier Weill, Christiane Dolecek, Stephen Baker, Sylvain Brisse, Nguyen Tran Chinh, Thi Anh Hong Le, Camilo J. Acosta, Jeremy Farrar, Gordon Dougan, and Mark Achtman
Science 24 November 2006: 1301-1304.
A large survey of the bacterial strain that causes human typhoid fever suggests that it spread globally during epidemics and persists in asymptomatic carriers. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Dissecting the Functions of the Mammalian Clock Protein BMAL1 by Tissue-Specific Rescue in Mice

Erin L. McDearmon, Kush N. Patel, Caroline H. Ko, Jacqueline A. Walisser, Andrew C. Schook, Jason L. Chong, Lisa D. Wilsbacher, Eun J. Song, Hee-Kyung Hong, Christopher A. Bradfield, and Joseph S. Takahashi
Science 24 November 2006: 1304-1308.
A transcription factor required in the mouse brain for producing circadian rhythms also acts in muscle to control the animals' activity and body weight. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Bacterial Protein Enhances the Release and Efficacy of Liposomal Cancer Drugs

Ian Cheong, Xin Huang, Chetan Bettegowda, Luis A. Diaz, Jr., Kenneth W. Kinzler, Shibin Zhou, and Bert Vogelstein
Science 24 November 2006: 1308-1311.
A lipid-cleaving enzyme from a bacterium that selectively infects tumors can cause the tumor-specific release of chemotherapeutic drugs carried by liposomes. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Predictive Codes for Forthcoming Perception in the Frontal Cortex

Christopher Summerfield, Tobias Egner, Matthew Greene, Etienne Koechlin, Jennifer Mangels, and Joy Hirsch
Science 24 November 2006: 1311-1314.
Functional brain imaging reveals that, as individuals visually identify objects, neural activity in the frontal cortex influences activity in the visual cortex. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on Papers by Chong et al., Nishio et al., and Suri et al. on Diabetes Reversal in NOD Mice

Denise L. Faustman, Simon D. Tran, Shohta Kodama, Beatrijs M. Lodde, Ildiko Szalayova, Sharon Key, Zsuzsanna E. Toth, and Éva Mezey
Science 24 November 2006: 1243.
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Response to Comment on Chong et al. on Diabetes Reversal in NOD Mice

Anita S. Chong, Jikun Shen, Jing Tao, Dengping Yin, Andrey Kuznetsov, Manami Hara, and Louis H. Philipson
Science 24 November 2006: 1243.
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Response to Comment on Nishio et al. on Diabetes Reversal in NOD Mice

Junko Nishio, Jason L. Gaglia, Stuart E. Turvey, Christopher Campbell, Christophe Benoist, and Diane Mathis
Science 24 November 2006: 1243.
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Response to Comment on Suri et al. on Diabetes Reversal in NOD Mice

Anish Suri and Emil R Unanue
Science 24 November 2006: 1243.
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