This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 27 July 2007: 421.
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Editorial:
Climate: Game Over

Donald Kennedy
Science 27 July 2007: 425.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 27 July 2007: 427.
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Science Podcast

Science 27 July 2007: 534.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 27 July 2007: 534.
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News of the Week

DRUG DEVELOPMENT: A European-Inspired Renaissance for China's Drug Industry?

Hao Xin
Science 27 July 2007: 436-437.
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OIL RESOURCES: Even Oil Optimists Expect Energy Demand to Outstrip Supply

Richard A. Kerr
Science 27 July 2007: 437.
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SEISMOLOGY: Quake Underscores Shaky Understanding of Ground Forces

Dennis Normile
Science 27 July 2007: 438-439.
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ECOLOGY: Aspens Return to Yellowstone, With Help From Some Wolves

Virginia Morell
Science 27 July 2007: 438-439.
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AIDS RESEARCH: Promising Prevention Interventions Perform Poorly in Trials

Jon Cohen
Science 27 July 2007: 440.
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CONFLICT OF INTEREST: Stung by Controversy, Biomedical Groups Urge Consistent Guidelines

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 27 July 2007: 441.
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IN MEMORIAM: Dan Koshland, 1920-2007

Science 27 July 2007: 441.
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ScienceScope

Science 27 July 2007: 439.
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Random Samples

Science 27 July 2007: 433.
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Newsmakers

Science 27 July 2007: 435.
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News Focus

ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION: Delta Blues, California Style

Robert F. Service
Science 27 July 2007: 442-445.
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION: From Crisis to Catastrophe

Robert F. Service
Science 27 July 2007: 444.
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ARCHAEOLOGY: Digging Into a Desert Mystery

Andrew Curry
Science 27 July 2007: 446-447.
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GEOLOGY: Deciphering Ancient Weather Reports, Drip by Drip

Jacopo Pasotti
Science 27 July 2007: 448.
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METEOROLOGY: Order From Chaos, Power From Dissipation in Planetary Flows

Richard A. Kerr
Science 27 July 2007: 449-499.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 27 July 2007: 450.
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 Retraction

R. Michael Roberts, M. Sivaguru, and H. Y. Yong
Science 27 July 2007: 450.
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 The Shortage of Science Teachers

Karl S. Pister
Science 27 July 2007: 450-451.
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 Explaining Latitudinal Diversity Gradients

Charles R. Marshall;, Dolph Schluter, and Jason Weir
Science 27 July 2007: 451-453.
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 Papers Not in the Right Section?

Franck Ramus
Science 27 July 2007: 453.
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Books et al.

SOCIOLOGY: Reflecting on the Surfaces of Life

Rebecca M. Herzig
Science 27 July 2007: 454-456.
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FICTION AND EXPLORATION: The World Measurers

Caroline Ash
Science 27 July 2007: 454-455.
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PSYCHOLOGY: The Nature of Belief

Scott Atran
Science 27 July 2007: 456.
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Books Received

Science 27 July 2007: 456.
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Education Forum

TRANSITIONS: The Two High-School Pillars Supporting College Science

Philip M. Sadler and Robert H. Tai
Science 27 July 2007: 457-458.
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Perspectives

PALEONTOLOGY: Variation and Early Evolution

Gene Hunt
Science 27 July 2007: 459-460.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: Filling a Void

Stephanie L. Brock
Science 27 July 2007: 460-461.
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MEDICINE: The Yin-Yang of Sirtuins

Andrew Dillin and Jeffery W. Kelly
Science 27 July 2007: 461-462.
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CHEMISTRY: A Counterion Strategy

Jérôme Lacour and David Linder
Science 27 July 2007: 462-463.
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MICROBIOLOGY: Necessary Noise

Jerome T. Mettetal and Alexander van Oudenaarden
Science 27 July 2007: 463-464.
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ECONOMICS: Spying on Others Evolves

Manfred Milinski and Bettina Rockenbach
Science 27 July 2007: 464-465.
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PHYSICS: Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (1932-2007)

Armand Ajdari
Science 27 July 2007: 466.
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Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 27 July 2007: 467.
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Reviews

Search Technologies for the Internet

Monika Henzinger
Science 27 July 2007: 468-471.
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The Scientific Research Potential of Virtual Worlds

William Sims Bainbridge
Science 27 July 2007: 472-476.
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Brevia

AAV Vector Integration Sites in Mouse Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Anthony Donsante, Daniel G. Miller, Yi Li, Carole Vogler, Elizabeth M. Brunt, David W. Russell, and Mark S. Sands
Science 27 July 2007: 477.
A virus that has shown promise as a vector for human gene therapy causes liver tumors in neonatal mice. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Free-Drifting Icebergs: Hot Spots of Chemical and Biological Enrichment in the Weddell Sea

Kenneth L. Smith, Jr., Bruce H. Robison, John J. Helly, Ronald S. Kaufmann, Henry A. Ruhl, Timothy J. Shaw, Benjamin S. Twining, and Maria Vernet
Science 27 July 2007: 478-482.
Published online 21 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1142834] (in Science Express Research Articles)
Trace elements and iron released from free-drifting Antarctic icebergs stimulate local productivity that enhances carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Product Space Conditions the Development of Nations

C. A. Hidalgo, B. Klinger, A.-L. Barabási, and R. Hausmann
Science 27 July 2007: 482-487.
Network analysis of the products made by rich and poor countries show that movement toward higher-profit products may be restricted for much of the developing world. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Single-Atom Single-Photon Quantum Interface

Tatjana Wilk, Simon C. Webster, Axel Kuhn, and Gerhard Rempe
Science 27 July 2007: 488-490.
Published online 21 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143835] (in Science Express Reports)
A sequence of laser pulses targeted on a single atom trapped in a cavity can generate a source of entangled photon pairs. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Porous Semiconducting Gels and Aerogels from Chalcogenide Clusters

Santanu Bag, Pantelis N. Trikalitis, Peter J. Chupas, Gerasimos S. Armatas, and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
Science 27 July 2007: 490-493.
The reaction of clusters containing sulfur or selenium with a platinum complex yields highly porous gels that can efficiently absorb heavy metals from water. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Stabilization of Labile Carbonyl Addition Intermediates by a Synthetic Receptor

Tetsuo Iwasawa, Richard J. Hooley, and Julius Rebek, Jr.
Science 27 July 2007: 493-496.
A synthetic molecular basket stabilizes a short-lived intermediate species in an organic reaction for minutes to hours, allowing it to be probed and identified. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Powerful Chiral Counterion Strategy for Asymmetric Transition Metal Catalysis

Gregory L. Hamilton, Eun Joo Kang, Miriam Mba, and F. Dean Toste
Science 27 July 2007: 496-499.
Pairing an achiral cationic gold complex with a chiral phosphate anion leads to efficient asymmetric catalysis of previously intractable organic reactions. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Cambrian Peak in Morphological Variation Within Trilobite Species

Mark Webster
Science 27 July 2007: 499-502.
In trilobites, the morphology of individual species shows the greatest changes soon after their origin, influencing the course of early evolution in the group. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Four Climate Cycles of Recurring Deep and Surface Water Destabilizations on the Iberian Margin

Belen Martrat, Joan O. Grimalt, Nicholas J. Shackleton, Lucia de Abreu, Manuel A. Hutterli, and Thomas F. Stocker
Science 27 July 2007: 502-507.
Published online 14 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1139994] (in Science Express Reports)
Alternating penetration of deep ocean waters derived from the two polar regions to low latitudes drove century-to-millennial climate changes for at least the past 400,000 years. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ethylene Modulates Stem Cell Division in the Arabidopsis thaliana Root

Olga Ortega-Martínez, Monica Pernas, Rachel J. Carol, and Liam Dolan
Science 27 July 2007: 507-510.
Stem cell proliferation in a niche within developing roots is limited by the gaseous hormone ethylene. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Crystal Structure of Inhibitor-Bound Human 5-Lipoxygenase-Activating Protein

Andrew D. Ferguson, Brian M. McKeever, Shihua Xu, Douglas Wisniewski, Douglas K. Miller, Ting-Ting Yamin, Robert H. Spencer, Lin Chu, Feroze Ujjainwalla, Barry R. Cunningham, Jilly F. Evans, and Joseph W. Becker
Science 27 July 2007: 510-512.
Published online 28 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1144346] (in Science Express Reports)
The structure of a human membrane protein involved in biosynthesis of the inflammation-related leukotrienes may help guide the development of therapeutics. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Spring-Loaded Mechanism of DNA Unwinding by Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Helicase

Sua Myong, Michael M. Bruno, Anna M. Pyle, and Taekjip Ha
Science 27 July 2007: 513-516.
A helicase enzyme unwinds DNA in steps three base pairs long that periodically release the tension resulting from translocation of the helicase's motor domain along the DNA. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Sirtuin 2 Inhibitors Rescue -Synuclein-Mediated Toxicity in Models of Parkinson's Disease

Tiago Fleming Outeiro, Eirene Kontopoulos, Stephen M. Altmann, Irina Kufareva, Katherine E. Strathearn, Allison M. Amore, Catherine B. Volk, Michele M. Maxwell, Jean-Christophe Rochet, Pamela J. McLean, Anne B. Young, Ruben Abagyan, Mel B. Feany, Bradley T. Hyman, and Aleksey G. Kazantsev
Science 27 July 2007: 516-519.
Published online 21 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1143780] (in Science Express Reports)
An inhibitor of a microtubule deacetylase protects dopamine-containing cells and can rescue Drosophila from the toxicity of a protein aggregate associated with Parkinson's disease. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Near Eastern Origin of Cat Domestication

Carlos A. Driscoll, Marilyn Menotti-Raymond, Alfred L. Roca, Karsten Hupe, Warren E. Johnson, Eli Geffen, Eric H. Harley, Miguel Delibes, Dominique Pontier, Andrew C. Kitchener, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Stephen J. O'Brien, and David W. Macdonald
Science 27 July 2007: 519-523.
Published online 28 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1139518] (in Science Express Reports)
The domestic cat and several of its closely related wild relatives originated in the Fertile Crescent over 100,000 years ago, earlier than had been thought. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum: An Aerobic Phototrophic Acidobacterium

Donald A. Bryant, Amaya M. Garcia Costas, Julia A. Maresca, Aline Gomez Maqueo Chew, Christian G. Klatt, Mary M. Bateson, Luke J. Tallon, Jessica Hostetler, William C. Nelson, John F. Heidelberg, and David M. Ward
Science 27 July 2007: 523-526.
A distinctive, oxygen-tolerant photosynthetic bacterium has been identified in a metagenomic study of hot-spring communities in Yellowstone National Park. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Noise in Gene Expression Determines Cell Fate in Bacillus subtilis

Hédia Maamar, Arjun Raj, and David Dubnau
Science 27 July 2007: 526-529.
Published online 14 June 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1140818] (in Science Express Reports)
Bacteria that show more random fluctuations in gene expression are especially likely to switch to an alternative phenotype in which they can take up foreign genetic material. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Rapid Synthesis and Synaptic Insertion of GluR2 for mGluR-LTD in the Ventral Tegmental Area

Manuel Mameli, Bénédicte Balland, Rafael Luján, and Christian Lüscher
Science 27 July 2007: 530-533.
A decrease in the effectiveness of synapses in a particular brain region is caused by replacement of one glutamate receptor subtype with a less efficient one. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Coherent Control of Retinal Isomerization in Bacteriorhodopsin"

Manuel Joffre
Science 27 July 2007: 453.
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Response to Comment on "Coherent Control of Retinal Isomerization in Bacteriorhodopsin"

Valentyn I. Prokhorenko, Andrea M. Nagy, Stephen A. Waschuk, Leonid S. Brown, Robert R. Birge, and R. J. Dwayne Miller
Science 27 July 2007: 453.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|