Attosecond Spectroscopy

The Electron Stopwatch

Ian Osborne and Jake Yeston
Science 10 August 2007: 765.
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Reviews

The Future of Attosecond Spectroscopy

Philip H. Bucksbaum
Science 10 August 2007: 766-769.
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Attosecond Control and Measurement: Lightwave Electronics

E. Goulielmakis, V. S. Yakovlev, A. L. Cavalieri, M. Uiberacker, V. Pervak, A. Apolonski, R. Kienberger, U. Kleineberg, and F. Krausz
Science 10 August 2007: 769-775.
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Harnessing Attosecond Science in the Quest for Coherent X-rays

Henry Kapteyn, Oren Cohen, Ivan Christov, and Margaret Murnane
Science 10 August 2007: 775-778.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 10 August 2007: 717.
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Editorial:
Dan Koshland: A Retrospective

Donald Kennedy
Science 10 August 2007: 721.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 10 August 2007: 723.
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Science Podcast

Science 10 August 2007: 829.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 10 August 2007: 829.
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News of the Week

BIOSECURITY: U.K. Labs Suspected as Source of Foot-and-Mouth Outbreak

Martin Enserink
Science 10 August 2007: 732.
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HUMAN EVOLUTION: New Fossils Challenge Line of Descent in Human Family Tree

Ann Gibbons
Science 10 August 2007: 733.
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GENETICS: High-Risk Glaucoma Gene Found in Nordic Studies

Jean Marx
Science 10 August 2007: 735.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: Congress Passes Massive Measure to Support Research, Education

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 10 August 2007: 736-737.
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U.S. SCIENCE POLICY: New DOE Agency Sparks an Energetic Debate

Eli Kintisch
Science 10 August 2007: 737.
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AIDS RESEARCH: Feud Over AIDS Vaccine Trials Leads Prominent Italian Researchers to Court

Jon Cohen
Science 10 August 2007: 738-739.
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ScienceScope

Science 10 August 2007: 735.
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Random Samples

Science 10 August 2007: 729.
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Newsmakers

Science 10 August 2007: 731.
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News Focus

PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: The Fellowship of the Hobbit

Elizabeth Culotta
Science 10 August 2007: 740-742.
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MEDICINE: The Big Chill

Jennifer Couzin
Science 10 August 2007: 743-745.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Humans and Nature Duel Over the Next Decade's Climate

Richard A. Kerr
Science 10 August 2007: 746-747.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 10 August 2007: 748.
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 Retraction of an Interpretation

James U. L. Baldini, Frank McDermott, and Ian J. Fairchild
Science 10 August 2007: 748.
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 The Dangers of Advocacy in Science

Robert A. Gitzen
Science 10 August 2007: 748.
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 Controversy Over EmrE Structure

Shimon Schuldiner;, Mikaela Rapp, Susanna Seppälä, Erik Granseth, Gunnar Von Heijne;, Bert Poolman, Eric Geertsma, and Dirk-Jan Slotboom
Science 10 August 2007: 748-751.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 10 August 2007: 750.
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 A Clarification on Centrifugal Force

Allen Zimmerman
Science 10 August 2007: 751.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Fame, Philosophy, and Physics

Jeroen van Dongen
Science 10 August 2007: 752-753.
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SYSTEMS BIOLOGY: How Central Is the Genome?

Eric Werner
Science 10 August 2007: 753-754.
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BROWSINGS

Science 10 August 2007: 754.
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Books Received

Science 10 August 2007: 754.
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Policy Forum

ENVIRONMENT: Globalization of Conservation: A View from the South

J. P. Rodríguez, A. B. Taber, P. Daszak, R. Sukumar, C. Valladares-Padua, S. Padua, L. F. Aguirre, R. A. Medellín, M. Acosta, A. A. Aguirre, C Bonacic, P. Bordino, J. Bruschini, D. Buchori, S. González, T. Mathew, M. Méndez, L. Mugica, L. F. Pacheco, A. P. Dobson, and M. Pearl
Science 10 August 2007: 755-756.
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Perspectives

NEUROSCIENCE: Shining Light on Depression

Thomas R. Insel
Science 10 August 2007: 757-758.
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EVOLUTION: An Embarrassment of Switches

Leonid Kruglyak and David L. Stern
Science 10 August 2007: 758-759.
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CHEMISTRY: Molecules Take the Heat

Abraham Nitzan
Science 10 August 2007: 759-760.
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PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE: The Cha-Cha-Cha Theory of Scientific Discovery

Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
Science 10 August 2007: 761-762.
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APPLIED PHYSICS: How to Strum a Nanobar

Miles Blencowe
Science 10 August 2007: 762-763.
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Brevia

Rapid Population Growth of a Critically Endangered Carnivore

M. B. Grenier, D. B. McDonald, and S. W. Buskirk
Science 10 August 2007: 779.
Black-footed ferrets released in Wyoming in 1997 now number more than 200, thanks to high initial survival and fertility, factors that may be key to recovery of endangered species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Multifunctional Nanomechanical Systems via Tunably Coupled Piezoelectric Actuation

Sotiris C. Masmanidis, Rassul B. Karabalin, Iwijn De Vlaminck, Gustaaf Borghs, Mark R. Freeman, and Michael L. Roukes
Science 10 August 2007: 780-783.
An applied voltage alters the charge distribution in a semiconductor, allowing for a tunable and highly sensitive deformation response at nanometer scale. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Label-Free, Single-Molecule Detection with Optical Microcavities

Andrea M. Armani, Rajan P. Kulkarni, Scott E. Fraser, Richard C. Flagan, and Kerry J. Vahala
Science 10 August 2007: 783-787.
Published online 5 July 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1145002] (in Science Express Reports)
Shifts in the resonance frequency of a microcavity sensor functionalized with receptor molecules can detect the binding of a single molecule. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ultrafast Flash Thermal Conductance of Molecular Chains

Zhaohui Wang, Jeffrey A. Carter, Alexei Lagutchev, Yee Kan Koh, Nak-Hyun Seong, David G. Cahill, and Dana D. Dlott
Science 10 August 2007: 787-790.
An ultrafast thermal conductance apparatus shows that heat is transported down long-chain hydrocarbon molecules ballistically at up to 1 kilometer per second. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Direct Synthesis of Amides from Alcohols and Amines with Liberation of H₂

Chidambaram Gunanathan, Yehoshoa Ben-David, and David Milstein
Science 10 August 2007: 790-792.
A ruthenium catalyst enables efficient amide synthesis with no need for coupling reagents and minimal generation of by-products. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Orbital and Millennial Antarctic Climate Variability over the Past 800,000 Years

J. Jouzel, V. Masson-Delmotte, O. Cattani, G. Dreyfus, S. Falourd, G. Hoffmann, B. Minster, J. Nouet, J. M. Barnola, J. Chappellaz, H. Fischer, J. C. Gallet, S. Johnsen, M. Leuenberger, L. Loulergue, D. Luethi, H. Oerter, F. Parrenin, G. Raisbeck, D. Raynaud, A. Schilt, J. Schwander, E. Selmo, R. Souchez, R. Spahni, B. Stauffer, J. P. Steffensen, B. Stenni, T. F. Stocker, J. L. Tison, M. Werner, and E. W. Wolff
Science 10 August 2007: 793-796.
Published online 5 July 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1141038] (in Science Express Reports)
A deuterium isotope record from an Antarctic ice core shows that during some interglacials, temperatures there were up to 4.5°C warmer than they have been during the Holocene. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Improved Surface Temperature Prediction for the Coming Decade from a Global Climate Model

Doug M. Smith, Stephen Cusack, Andrew W. Colman, Chris K. Folland, Glen R. Harris, and James M. Murphy
Science 10 August 2007: 796-799.
Accounting for El Niño events and other natural climate variations substantially improves how well a global climate model forecasts of surface temperatures over the next decade by a global climate model. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Mechanism of Na⁺/H⁺ Antiporting

Isaiah T. Arkin, Huafeng Xu, Morten Ø. Jensen, Eyal Arbely, Estelle R. Bennett, Kevin J. Bowers, Edmond Chow, Ron O. Dror, Michael P. Eastwood, Ravenna Flitman-Tene, Brent A. Gregersen, John L. Klepeis, István Kolossváry, Yibing Shan, and David E. Shaw
Science 10 August 2007: 799-803.
Molecular dynamics simulations of a Na⁺/H⁺ antiporter allow the proposal of an atomically detailed model for the mechanism of ion transport, pH regulation, and cation selectivity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Augmented Wnt Signaling in a Mammalian Model of Accelerated Aging

Hongjun Liu, Maria M Fergusson, Rogerio M. Castilho, Jie Liu, Liu Cao, Jichun Chen, Daniela Malide, Ilsa I. Rovira, Daniel Schimel, Calvin J. Kuo, J. Silvio Gutkind, Paul M. Hwang, and Toren Finkel
Science 10 August 2007: 803-806.
In older mice, overexpression of a signaling pathway may inhibit muscle regeneration by accelerating stem cell senescence while decreasing their proliferation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Increased Wnt Signaling During Aging Alters Muscle Stem Cell Fate and Increases Fibrosis

Andrew S. Brack, Michael J. Conboy, Sudeep Roy, Mark Lee, Calvin J. Kuo, Charles Keller, and Thomas A. Rando
Science 10 August 2007: 807-810.
In older mice, overexpression of a signaling pathway may inhibit muscle regeneration by accelerating stem cell senescence while decreasing their proliferation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

International Conservation Policy Delivers Benefits for Birds in Europe

Paul F. Donald, Fiona J. Sanderson, Ian J. Burfield, Stijn M. Bierman, Richard D. Gregory, and Zoltan Waliczky
Science 10 August 2007: 810-813.
A European effort to protect endangered bird species initiated in 1979 seems to have increased the populations of targeted species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Adaptive Mutations in Bacteria: High Rate and Small Effects

Lília Perfeito, Lisete Fernandes, Catarina Mota, and Isabel Gordo
Science 10 August 2007: 813-815.
The beneficial mutation rate for bacteria appears to be 1000-fold greater than classical estimates. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Divergence of Transcription Factor Binding Sites Across Related Yeast Species

Anthony R. Borneman, Tara A. Gianoulis, Zhengdong D. Zhang, Haiyuan Yu, Joel Rozowsky, Michael R. Seringhaus, Lu Yong Wang, Mark Gerstein, and Michael Snyder
Science 10 August 2007: 815-819.
In yeast, gene regulatory elements evolve much more rapidly than the genes they control and so may be responsible for much of the diversity among species. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

High-Speed Imaging Reveals Neurophysiological Links to Behavior in an Animal Model of Depression

Raag D. Airan, Leslie A. Meltzer, Madhuri Roy, Yuqing Gong, Han Chen, and Karl Deisseroth
Science 10 August 2007: 819-823.
Published online 5 July 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1144400] (in Science Express Reports)
Neural activity in the hippocampi of rats with depression-like symptoms reflects the degree of abnormal behavior, providing a clue to the brain circuits underlying depression. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Characterizing the Limits of Human Visual Awareness

Liqiang Huang, Anne Treisman, and Harold Pashler
Science 10 August 2007: 823-825.
Briefly examining a scene visually, humans can pay attention to only one color at a time but may be able to see it in multiple locations. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Immunization by Avian H5 Influenza Hemagglutinin Mutants with Altered Receptor Binding Specificity

Zhi-Yong Yang, Chih-Jen Wei, Wing-Pui Kong, Lan Wu, Ling Xu, David F. Smith, and Gary J. Nabel
Science 10 August 2007: 825-828.
Mutations in a surface protein of the avian flu virus affect how it binds to host cells, information that can help generate protective vaccines for evolving flu viruses. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|