Cell Signaling

An Insider's View

L. Bryan Ray, Nancy R. Gough, Elizabeth M. Adler, and John F. Foley
Science 5 October 2007: 61.
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Perspectives

Life with Oxygen

Gregg L. Semenza
Science 5 October 2007: 62-64.
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PI3K Is a Key Regulator of Inflammatory Responses and Cardiovascular Homeostasis

Phillip T. Hawkins and Len R. Stephens
Science 5 October 2007: 64-66.
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Deconstructing the Hedgehog Pathway in Development and Disease

Leni Jacob and Lawrence Lum
Science 5 October 2007: 66-68.
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Advances in Cytokinin Signaling

Bruno Müller and Jen Sheen
Science 5 October 2007: 68-69.
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This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 5 October 2007: 13.
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Editorial:
Sputnik Nostalgia

Donald Kennedy
Science 5 October 2007: 17.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 5 October 2007: 19.
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Science Podcast

Science 5 October 2007: 121.
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NEW PRODUCTS

Science 5 October 2007: 121.
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News of the Week

AIDS RESEARCH: Promising AIDS Vaccine's Failure Leaves Field Reeling

Jon Cohen
Science 5 October 2007: 28-29.
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HUMAN RIGHTS: Myanmar's Secret History Exposed in Satellite Images

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 5 October 2007: 29.
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PLANT BIOLOGY: At Long Last, Pathologists Hear Plants' Cry For Help

Mitch Leslie
Science 5 October 2007: 31-32.
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PALEOANTHROPOLOGY: Nariokotome Boy to Go on the Road Despite Protests

Ann Gibbons
Science 5 October 2007: 32.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: Is Battered Arctic Sea Ice Down For the Count?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 5 October 2007: 33-34.
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European Science by the Numbers

Gretchen Vogel
Science 5 October 2007: 34.
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ASTRONOMY: Europeans Lay Down Their Wish List for Next 2 Decades

Daniel Clery
Science 5 October 2007: 35.
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ScienceScope

Science 5 October 2007: 31.
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Random Samples

Science 5 October 2007: 25.
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Newsmakers

Science 5 October 2007: 27.
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News Focus

SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE: Greening the Meeting

Benjamin Lester
Science 5 October 2007: 36-38.
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SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE: Offsets: Worth the Price of Emission?

Benjamin Lester
Science 5 October 2007: 37.
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SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE: This Man Wants to Green Your Lab

David Grimm
Science 5 October 2007: 39-41.
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SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE: Energy-Efficient Freezers for Everyone

David Grimm
Science 5 October 2007: 40.
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SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE: Do-It-Yourself Recycling

David Grimm
Science 5 October 2007: 41.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 5 October 2007: 42.
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 A World with Corals: What Will It Take?

Heidi Schuttenberg and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Science 5 October 2007: 42.
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 Pseudoscience in Bosnia

Paul V. Heinrich
Science 5 October 2007: 42-43.
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 Effect of Poor Census Data on Population Maps

Andrew J. Tatem; and Steven Riley
Science 5 October 2007: 43.
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 Light-Splitting Method Not New

Peter Borden
Science 5 October 2007: 43-44.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 5 October 2007: 44.
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Books et al.

ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH: On Sickness and Surroundings

Peder Anker
Science 5 October 2007: 46-47.
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THEATER: MATHEMATICS: Variations on a Theorem

Louise Whiteley
Science 5 October 2007: 47-48.
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SPACE EXPLORATION: How a Race Was Won

Joanne Baker
Science 5 October 2007: 48.
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Books Received

Science 5 October 2007: 48.
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Policy Forum

SUSTAINABILITY: Learning from 10 Years of Climate Outlook Forums in Africa

Anthony G. Patt, Laban Ogallo, and Molly Hellmuth
Science 5 October 2007: 49-50.
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Perspectives

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Sputnik and the Soviets

Roald Sagdeev
Science 5 October 2007: 51-52.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Science and Sputnik

John C. Mather
Science 5 October 2007: 52-53.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Sputnik and Satellite Astronomy

Giovanni F. Bignami
Science 5 October 2007: 53-54.
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EVOLUTION: Feathers, Females, and Fathers

Michael G. Ritchie
Science 5 October 2007: 54-55.
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MEDICINE: Testing Hypotheses About Autism

Jacqueline N. Crawley
Science 5 October 2007: 56-57.
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BIOPHYSICS: Going with the Flow

Ronald G. Larson
Science 5 October 2007: 57-58.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE: There's Room in the Middle

Anthony K. Cheetham and C. N. R. Rao
Science 5 October 2007: 58-59.
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Brevia

Odor-Mediated Push-Pull Pollination in Cycads

Irene Terry, Gimme H. Walter, Chris Moore, Robert Roemer, and Craig Hull
Science 5 October 2007: 70.
To ensure pollination of female plants, male Australian cycads periodically heat up, volatilizing a toxic chemical that repels resident beetle pollinators. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

A Neuroligin-3 Mutation Implicated in Autism Increases Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Mice

Katsuhiko Tabuchi, Jacqueline Blundell, Mark R. Etherton, Robert E. Hammer, Xinran Liu, Craig M. Powell, and Thomas C. Südhof
Science 5 October 2007: 71-76.
Published online 6 September 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1146221] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A mouse model reveals that a mutation that changes the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses affects learning skills, a finding that may help understand autism. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Polymer Gate Dielectric Surface Viscoelasticity Modulates Pentacene Transistor Performance

Choongik Kim, Antonio Facchetti, and Tobin J. Marks
Science 5 October 2007: 76-80.
The electrical properties of an organic semiconductor depend on whether it is formed above or below its glass-transition temperature, offering a means to improve thin-film transistors. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ultrastrong and Stiff Layered Polymer Nanocomposites

Paul Podsiadlo, Amit K. Kaushik, Ellen M. Arruda, Anthony M. Waas, Bong Sup Shim, Jiadi Xu, Himabindu Nandivada, Benjamin G. Pumplin, Joerg Lahann, Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy, and Nicholas A. Kotov
Science 5 October 2007: 80-83.
Deposition of alternating nanoscale layers of clay particles and a polymer yields a transparent composite that is as stiff and strong as steel. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Major Australian-Antarctic Plate Reorganization at Hawaiian-Emperor Bend Time

J. M. Whittaker, R. D. Müller, G. Leitchenkov, H. Stagg, M. Sdrolias, C. Gaina, and A. Goncharov
Science 5 October 2007: 83-86.
Subduction of a spreading ridge and development of the Marianas-Tonga subduction zone may have initiated a major change in Pacific plate motion 50 million years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Absence of Cooling in New Zealand and the Adjacent Ocean During the Younger Dryas Chronozone

Timothy T. Barrows, Scott J. Lehman, L. Keith Fifield, and Patrick De Deckker
Science 5 October 2007: 86-89.
Dating of a New Zealand moraine and nearby ocean core data show that a major cool period after the end of the last Ice Age affected only the Northern Hemisphere. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Toward Direct Measurement of Atmospheric Nucleation

Markku Kulmala, Ilona Riipinen, Mikko Sipilä, Hanna E. Manninen, Tuukka Petäjä, Heikki Junninen, Miikka Dal Maso, Genrik Mordas, Aadu Mirme, Marko Vana, Anne Hirsikko, Lauri Laakso, Roy M. Harrison, Ian Hanson, Carl Leung, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, and Veli-Matti Kerminen
Science 5 October 2007: 89-92.
Published online 30 August 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1144124] (in Science Express Reports)
A ubiquitous pool of neutral, nanometer-sized particle clusters dominates the process of aerosol formation over boreal forests. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Cretaceous Scleractinian Coral with a Calcitic Skeleton

Jaroslaw Stolarski, Anders Meibom, Radoslaw Przenioslo, and Maciej Mazur
Science 5 October 2007: 92-94.
Modern reef-building corals deposit aragonite, but a fossil reef-builder formed calcite, suggesting that it arose from the extinct, calcite-depositing horn corals. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Sex Chromosome-Linked Species Recognition and Evolution of Reproductive Isolation in Flycatchers

Stein A. Sæther, Glenn-Peter Sætre, Thomas Borge, Chris Wiley, Nina Svedin, Gunilla Andersson, Thor Veen, Jon Haavie, Maria R. Servedio, Stanislav Bures, Miroslav Král, Mårten B. Hjernquist, Lars Gustafsson, Johan Träff, and Anna Qvarnström
Science 5 October 2007: 95-97.
Female hybrids of two flycatcher species choose mates of their fathers' species because recognition traits reside on the paternally inherited sex chromosome, maintaining speciation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Microbial Population Structures in the Deep Marine Biosphere

Julie A. Huber, David B. Mark Welch, Hilary G. Morrison, Susan M. Huse, Phillip R. Neal, David A. Butterfield, and Mitchell L. Sogin
Science 5 October 2007: 97-100.
Rapid sequencing of microbial populations shows differences in archaeal diversity between two deep sea vents, but fails to provide a full inventory of the bacterial population. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Genetic Effects of Captive Breeding Cause a Rapid, Cumulative Fitness Decline in the Wild

Hitoshi Araki, Becky Cooper, and Michael S. Blouin
Science 5 October 2007: 100-103.
Steelhead trout bred in captivity and then released reproduced poorly in comparison to wild fish; these rapid negative effects may prevent use of captive fish for repopulation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Glia Promote Local Synaptogenesis Through UNC-6 (Netrin) Signaling in C. elegans

Daniel A. Colón-Ramos, Milica A. Margeta, and Kang Shen
Science 5 October 2007: 103-106.
Glial cells can orchestrate neuron-to-neuron connections by attracting processes from the postsynaptic cell and triggering synapse formation in the presynaptic cell. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Chimpanzees Are Rational Maximizers in an Ultimatum Game

Keith Jensen, Josep Call, and Michael Tomasello
Science 5 October 2007: 107-109.
In a game of fairness, chimpanzees act only to maximize their own benefits, whereas human toddlers also value social norms like cooperation and parity. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Widespread Role for the Flowering-Time Regulators FCA and FPA in RNA-Mediated Chromatin Silencing

Isabel Bäurle, Lisa Smith, David C. Baulcombe, and Caroline Dean
Science 5 October 2007: 109-112.
Two proteins known to participate in flowering are also required for chromatin silencing at various genetic loci early in Arabidopsis development. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Methyl Salicylate Is a Critical Mobile Signal for Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance

Sang-Wook Park, Evans Kaimoyo, Dhirendra Kumar, Stephen Mosher, and Daniel F. Klessig
Science 5 October 2007: 113-116.
In response to viral infection, tobacco plants locally produce methyl salicylate, which then spreads and renders the whole plant more resistant to subsequent infections. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

In Situ Imaging of the Endogenous CD8 T Cell Response to Infection

Kamal M. Khanna, Jeffery T. McNamara, and Leo Lefrançois
Science 5 October 2007: 116-120.
Imaging of the spleen during bacterial infection reveals where immune cell percursors divide and are activated by antigens, and how they migrate through channels to the blood. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal and Posterior Parietal Cortices"

Jeffrey D. Schall, Martin Paré, and Geoffrey F. Woodman
Science 5 October 2007: 44.
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Response to Comment on "Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Control of Attention in the Prefrontal and Posterior Parietal Cortices"

Earl K. Miller and Timothy J. Buschman
Science 5 October 2007: 44.
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