This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 2 November 2007: 711.
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Editorial:
Approaching Science

Donald Kennedy
Science 2 November 2007: 715.
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Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 2 November 2007: 717.
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Science Podcast

Science 2 November 2007: 828.
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News of the Week

CLIMATE CHANGE: CDC Director's Message on Risk Runs Afoul of White House Edits

Eli Kintisch
Science 2 November 2007: 726-727.
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NATURAL DISASTERS: Drone Spy Plane Helps Fight California Fires

Jon Cohen
Science 2 November 2007: 727.
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MEDICINE: Tumor Suppressor May Also Affect Gestational Diabetes

Jennifer Couzin
Science 2 November 2007: 729.
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U.S. DEFENSE BUDGET: Pentagon Research Chief Seeks 11% Boost in 2009

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 2 November 2007: 730.
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CLIMATE CHANGE: California Stirs a $600 Million Pot of Solutions

Robert F. Service
Science 2 November 2007: 730.
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AIDS RESEARCH: Reconstructing the Origins of the AIDS Epidemic From Archived HIV Isolates

Jon Cohen
Science 2 November 2007: 731.
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HISTORY OF SCIENCE: Scientists Fete China's Supreme Polymath

Richard Stone
Science 2 November 2007: 733.
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ScienceScope

Science 2 November 2007: 729.
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Random Samples

Science 2 November 2007: 723.
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Newsmakers

Science 2 November 2007: 725.
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News Focus

SCIENCE AND COMMERCE: Who Owns Glycobiology?

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 2 November 2007: 734-737.
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NUCLEAR PHYSICS: A Lab to Get the Measure of Matter

Daniel Clery
Science 2 November 2007: 738-739.
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IMMUNOLOGY: Testing the Line Between Too Much and Too Little

Jennifer Couzin
Science 2 November 2007: 740-741.
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ECOLOGY: Do Wandering Albatrosses Care About Math?

John Travis
Science 2 November 2007: 742-743.
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Letters

This Week's Letters

Science 2 November 2007: 745.
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 Shopping for Explanations

Elizabeth M. Brumfiel, Micaela di Leonardo, Katherine E. Hoffman, Christopher W. Kuzawa, Thom McDade, Helen B. Schwartzman, Rebecca Seligman;, Max M. Krasnow, Danielle Truxaw, Joshua New, and Steven J. C. Gaulin
Science 2 November 2007: 745.
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 The ABCs of Multiple Bonding

Gernot Frenking, Ralf Tonner;, Frank Weinhold, and Clark R. Landis
Science 2 November 2007: 746.
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 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 2 November 2007: 746.
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Books et al.

FISHERIES: Tales of a Small, But Crucial, Fish

Daniel Pauly
Science 2 November 2007: 750-751.
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FILM: SPACE: Reminiscences of the Moon Trips

Jay M. Pasachoff
Science 2 November 2007: 751.
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A TASTE OF THE GONZO SCIENTIST: A Linnean Feast

John Bohannon
Science 2 November 2007: 752.
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Policy Forum

DISASTER MANAGEMENT: Confronting Disaster Losses

Laurens M. Bouwer, Ryan P. Crompton, Eberhard Faust, Peter Hoppe, and Roger A. Pielke Jr.
Science 2 November 2007: 753.
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Perspectives

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Acceptable nAGging

David L. Stocum
Science 2 November 2007: 754-755.
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CHEMISTRY: All at Once

Andrea Cavalleri
Science 2 November 2007: 755-756.
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CHEMISTRY: No Protection Required

Robert H. Crabtree
Science 2 November 2007: 756-757.
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SYSTEMS BIOLOGY: A Clock with a Flip Switch

Andy C. Poon and James E. Ferrell Jr.
Science 2 November 2007: 757-758.
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PHYSICS: A New State of Quantum Matter

Naoto Nagaosa
Science 2 November 2007: 758-759.
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ASTRONOMY: Mining for the Ephemeral

Geoffrey C. Bower
Science 2 November 2007: 759-760.
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Association Affairs

AAAS 2008 Annual Meeting Program

Science 2 November 2007: 818-827.
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Review

The Piwi-piRNA Pathway Provides an Adaptive Defense in the Transposon Arms Race

Alexei A. Aravin, Gregory J. Hannon, and Julius Brennecke
Science 2 November 2007: 761-764.
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Brevia

Video Cameras on Wild Birds

Christian Rutz, Lucas A. Bluff, Alex A. S. Weir, and Alex Kacelnik
Science 2 November 2007: 765.
Published online 4 October 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1146788] (in Science Express Brevia)
Miniaturized video cameras harnessed to wild New Caledonian crows show that they often use twigs as tools in their natural habitat. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells

Markus König, Steffen Wiedmann, Christoph Brüne, Andreas Roth, Hartmut Buhmann, Laurens W. Molenkamp, Xiao-Liang Qi, and Shou-Cheng Zhang
Science 2 November 2007: 766-770.
Published online 20 September 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1148047] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A predicted, novel state of matter in which a spin-induced current flows across an insulator in the absence of a magnetic field is demonstrated in a doped thin film. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Authors' Summary »|  

Molecular Basis for the Nerve Dependence of Limb Regeneration in an Adult Vertebrate

Anoop Kumar, James W. Godwin, Phillip B. Gates, A. Acely Garza-Garcia, and Jeremy P. Brockes
Science 2 November 2007: 772-777.
Forelimb regeneration in newts requires concomitant regeneration of the nerve, a necessity that can be circumvented by application of a single protein, nAG. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Authors' Summary »|  

Reports

A Bright Millisecond Radio Burst of Extragalactic Origin

D. R. Lorimer, M. Bailes, M. A. McLaughlin, D. J. Narkevic, and F. Crawford
Science 2 November 2007: 777-780.
Published online 27 September 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1147532] (in Science Express Reports)
A rapid and powerful burst of radio waves is found through an analysis of archival pulsar data, suggestive of a new class of radio bursts, perhaps from a supernova. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Nanoscale Friction Varied by Isotopic Shifting of Surface Vibrational Frequencies

Rachel J. Cannara, Matthew J. Brukman, Katherine Cimatu, Anirudha V. Sumant, Steven Baldelli, and Robert W. Carpick
Science 2 November 2007: 780-783.
Changing the surface termination of a diamond or silicon surface from hydrogen to deuterium lowers the vibrational frequency of the surface, thus reducing its friction. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Predictably Selective Aliphatic C–H Oxidation Reaction for Complex Molecule Synthesis

Mark S. Chen and M. Christina White
Science 2 November 2007: 783-787.
A synthetic nitrogen-coordinated iron catalyst can direct the oxidation of specific C–H bonds in many different complex organic molecules. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

4D Visualization of Transitional Structures in Phase Transformations by Electron Diffraction

Peter Baum, Ding-Shyue Yang, and Ahmed H. Zewail
Science 2 November 2007: 788-792.
Electron diffraction reveals the femtosecond local atomic motion and picosecond lattice shear during the insulator-to-metal transition in vanadium dioxide. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Molecular and Genomic Data Identify the Closest Living Relative of Primates

Jan E. Janecka, Webb Miller, Thomas H. Pringle, Frank Wiens, Annette Zitzmann, Kristofer M. Helgen, Mark S. Springer, and William J. Murphy
Science 2 November 2007: 792-794.
Comparison of genome sequences from a variety of species shows that the colugos (“flying lemurs”) are the closest living relatives of primates. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Gene Regulatory Network Subcircuit Drives a Dynamic Pattern of Gene Expression

Joel Smith, Christina Theodoris, and Eric H. Davidson
Science 2 November 2007: 794-797.
The ring of gene expression that sweeps across sea urchin embryos is controlled by a regulatory circuit that generates a wave of activation, followed by a wave of repression. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Telomeric Repeat–Containing RNA and RNA Surveillance Factors at Mammalian Chromosome Ends

Claus M. Azzalin, Patrick Reichenbach, Lela Khoriauli, Elena Giulotto, and Joachim Lingner
Science 2 November 2007: 798-801.
Published online 4 October 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1147182] (in Science Express Reports)
In mammals, RNA is transcribed from repetitive DNA at the ends of chromosomes and, along with other regulatory proteins, is incorporated locally into silenced chromatin. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A High-Resolution Root Spatiotemporal Map Reveals Dominant Expression Patterns

Siobhan M. Brady, David A. Orlando, Ji-Young Lee, Jean Y. Wang, Jeremy Koch, José R. Dinneny, Daniel Mace, Uwe Ohler, and Philip N. Benfey
Science 2 November 2007: 801-806.
As roots of Arabidopsis develop and grow, genes are expressed in complex patterns that have not been previously apparent. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Menin Controls Growth of Pancreatic ß-Cells in Pregnant Mice and Promotes Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Satyajit K. Karnik, Hainan Chen, Graeme W. McLean, Jeremy J. Heit, Xueying Gu, Andrew Y. Zhang, Magali Fontaine, Michael H. Yen, and Seung K. Kim
Science 2 November 2007: 806-809.
A study of mice identifies a protein that may malfunction in gestational diabetes, a common complication of pregnancy. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Ordered Phosphorylation Governs Oscillation of a Three-Protein Circadian Clock

Michael J. Rust, Joseph S. Markson, William S. Lane, Daniel S. Fisher, and Erin K. O'Shea
Science 2 November 2007: 809-812.
Published online 4 October 2007 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1148596] (in Science Express Reports)
The cycling of three protein components comprising the circadian clock in cyanobacteria is driven by a pattern of sequential phosphorylation that can be described mathematically. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Disentangling Genetic Variation for Resistance and Tolerance to Infectious Diseases in Animals

Lars Råberg, Derek Sim, and Andrew F. Read
Science 2 November 2007: 812-814.
In addition to developing resistance to parasite infection, mice can evolve to tolerate malarial parasites by limiting the damage caused by their presence. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

TARP Auxiliary Subunits Switch AMPA Receptor Antagonists into Partial Agonists

Karen Menuz, Robert M. Stroud, Roger A. Nicoll, and Franklin A. Hays
Science 2 November 2007: 815-817.
A quinoxalinedione glutamate receptor antagonist becomes an agonist when the receptor acquires an extra subunit, coupling changes in ligand binding to opening of the channel. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "A Vestige of Earth's Oldest Ophiolite"

Allen P. Nutman and Clark R. L. Friend
Science 2 November 2007: 746.
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Comment on "A Vestige of Earth's Oldest Ophiolite"

Warren B. Hamilton
Science 2 November 2007: 746.
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Response to Comments on "A Vestige of Earth's Oldest Ophiolite"

Harald Furnes, Maarten de Wit, Hubert Staudigel, Minik Rosing, and Karlis Muehlenbachs
Science 2 November 2007: 746.
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