Forests in Flux

The Future of Forests

Andrew Sugden, Jesse Smith, and Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 13 June 2008: 1435.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

Video: Forests in Flux

Science 13 June 2008: 1435.
Summary: A video highlighting the challenges of global forest management and understanding the influence of forests on climate. Full Text »|  

News

A Second Chance for Rainforest Biodiversity

Erik Stokstad
Science 13 June 2008: 1436-1438.
Summary: As ever more of the Amazon falls under the ax, a large-scale project is helping to clarify how well various tropical species survive in recovering forests. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Critical Time for African Rainforests

Robert Koenig
Science 13 June 2008: 1439-1441.
Summary: As threats to the Congo Basin's vast forests grow, scientists race to sharpen assessments and stem destruction. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letting 1000 Forests Bloom

Virginia Morell
Science 13 June 2008: 1442-1443.
Summary: A logging ban has allowed a hot spot of China's biodiversity to recover from decades of clear-cutting, but threats still loom. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Forests of the Past: A Window to Future Changes

Rémy J. Petit, Feng Sheng Hu, and Christopher W. Dick
Science 13 June 2008: 1450-1452.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Predictive Models of Forest Dynamics

Drew Purves and Stephen Pacala
Science 13 June 2008: 1452-1453.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation: Global Land-Use Implications

Lera Miles and Valerie Kapos
Science 13 June 2008: 1454-1455.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Managing Forests for Climate Change Mitigation

Josep G. Canadell and Michael R. Raupach
Science 13 June 2008: 1456-1457.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Beyond Deforestation: Restoring Forests and Ecosystem Services on Degraded Lands

Robin L. Chazdon
Science 13 June 2008: 1458-1460.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Changing Governance of the World's Forests

Arun Agrawal, Ashwini Chhatre, and Rebecca Hardin
Science 13 June 2008: 1460-1462.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Review

Forests and Climate Change: Forcings, Feedbacks, and the Climate Benefits of Forests

Gordon B. Bonan
Science 13 June 2008: 1444-1449.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

SCIENCE CAREERS: Sustaining Forests in a Changing World

Elisabeth Pain
Science 13 June 2008: 1514-1517.
Summary: Forest ecosystems are central to most of today's global environmental issues. Science Careers reviews career opportunities in this growing area of research. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENCE CAREERS: A Self-Made Climber

Elisabeth Pain
Science 13 June 2008: 1515.
Summary: Rainforest ecologist Catherine Cardelús has taught herself how to move freely up and down trees, but she's still struggling to understand a key scientific question: Why is there so much plant diversity 50 m above the ground? Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENCE CAREERS: Measuring the Impact of Invasive Plants

Elisabeth Pain
Science 13 June 2008: 1516.
Summary: Plant population biologist Kristina Stinson's application of a population perspective to studying how invasive plants affect forest ecosystems has implications for forest management. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

SCIENCE CAREERS: An Adventurous Physicist

Elisabeth Pain
Science 13 June 2008: 1517.
Summary: Visiting a tropical forest for the first time prompted Jérôme Chave to leave theoretical condensed matter physics to focus on tropical forests. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 13 June 2008: 1392.
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Editorial:
Forest Research for the 21st Century

Raman Sukumar
Science 13 June 2008: 1395.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 13 June 2008: 1396.
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Science Podcast

Science 13 June 2008: 1513.
Summary: The 13 June 2008 show includes a forest special: hear about seed dispersal and tree resilience, being a forest ecologist, an ancient date seed, preserving forest biodiversity, and more. Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 13 June 2008: 1513.
Summary »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH: Changes in Peer Review Target Young Scientists, Heavyweights

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 13 June 2008: 1404.
Summary: After a year of gathering advice on how to improve its overloaded peer-review system, the U.S. National Institutes of Health last week unveiled a plan to ease the workload on both applicants and reviewers and to help young investigators. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

FUSION RESEARCH: Design Changes Will Increase ITER Reactor's Cost

Daniel Clery
Science 13 June 2008: 1405.
Summary: This month, funders of the €10 billion ITER fusion project, which seeks to demonstrate that a burning plasma can be controlled to produce useful energy, face the daunting task of keeping the project's budget under control, as scientists present a wish list of design changes. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GEOLOGY: Two Years On, a Mud Volcano Still Rages--and Bewilders

Dennis Normile
Science 13 June 2008: 1406.
Summary: As a disastrous mud eruption on Indonesia's Java Island marks its second anniversary, the unprecedented event continues to stir debate about whether it resulted from an exploratory gas well drilling accident or a distant earthquake and how long it will last. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GEOLOGY: Unstoppable

Dennis Normile
Science 13 June 2008: 1407.
Summary: The Indonesian mud volcano Lusi is unique in its longevity and the volume of material ejected. It may also be setting records for the number of failed attempts to plug it. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE: Scientists Race Against the Clock to Gauge Landslide Risk

Richard Stone
Science 13 June 2008: 1408.
Summary: The gravest threat to survivors of the magnitude-7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, history shows, may be new lakes formed from the rising waters of blocked rivers; the resulting flooding when these landslide dams burst can kill more people than the earthquake itself. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ECOSYSTEMS: Have Desert Researchers Discovered a Hidden Loop in the Carbon Cycle?

Richard Stone
Science 13 June 2008: 1409-1410.
Summary: Findings in two deserts on opposite sides of the world suggest that deserts are a larger sink for carbon dioxide than scientists had assumed. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ENVIRONMENT: U.S. Climate Change Bill Dies, But the Energy Remains

Jeffrey Mervis
Science 13 June 2008: 1410-1411.
Summary: After weeks of preparation, the U.S. Senate failed to engage in a historic debate last week on how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But that hasn't stopped both sides from declaring victory in what amounts to a dry run for next year, under a new president and a new Congress. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ASIA: Nepal Counts on Science to Turn Struggling Country Around

Jerry Guo
Science 13 June 2008: 1411.
Summary: Nepal's new leaders have a surprising strategy for making the poor Himalayan nation's transition from monarchy to republic a success: They plan to shower money on science. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 13 June 2008: 1407.
|Full Text »

Random Samples

Science 13 June 2008: 1401.
|Full Text »

Newsmakers

Science 13 June 2008: 1403.
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News Focus

NEUROIMAGING: Growing Pains for fMRI

Greg Miller
Science 13 June 2008: 1412-1414.
Summary: As the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging has exploded, some researchers say the field could use a dose of rigor. Will new experimental approaches come to the rescue? Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROIMAGING: Don't Be Seduced by the Brain

Greg Miller
Science 13 June 2008: 1413.
Summary: The images generated by functional magnetic resonance imaging may have a power to captivate that reaches beyond their power to explain. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

UNIVERSITIES: India's Education Bonanza Instills Hope--and Concern

Pallava Bagla
Science 13 June 2008: 1415.
Summary: The government of India is embarking on a major expansion of its higher education system. But is quantity being substituted for quality? Full Text »|   PDF »|  

COMBATING TERRORISM: New Efforts to Detect Explosives Require Advances on Many Fronts

Yudhijit Bhattacharjee
Science 13 June 2008: 1416-1417.
Summary: A boost in U.S. government funding is stimulating research on new ways to stop terrorists before they strike in public places. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Biofuels: Waste Not Want Not

Lian Pin Koh, Hugh T. W. Tan, and Navjot S. Sodhi
Science 13 June 2008: 1419.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Biofuels: Too Soon to Give Up

Dan Arvizu
Science 13 June 2008: 1419-1420.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Biofuels: Think Outside the Cornfield

Roger A. Sedjo
Science 13 June 2008: 1420-1421.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Biofuels: Putting Current Practices in Perspective

John R. Porter, Ngonidzashe Chirinda, Claus Felby, Jørgen E. Olesen;, Joseph Fargione, Jason Hill, David Tilman, Stephen Polasky, and Peter Hawthorne
Science 13 June 2008: 1421-1422.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Corrections and Clarifications

Science 13 June 2008: 1422.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books et al.

REGULATORY POLICY: Reforming Cost-Benefit Calculations

Orrin H. Pilkey
Science 13 June 2008: 1423.
Summary: The authors argue that despite the biased way cost-benefit analyses have been applied to environmental and health regulations, the approach can and should be used to further the public good. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

TELEVISION: SPACE: Celebrating NASA's Voyages

Jay M. Pasachoff
Science 13 June 2008: 1424-1425.
Summary: This six-hour television series on the Discovery network celebrating the first 50 years of NASA focuses on the crewed missions. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BROWSINGS

Science 13 June 2008: 1424-1425.
Summary: Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 13 June 2008: 1425.
Summary »|  

Policy Forum

NUCLEAR WASTE: Yucca Mountain Revisited

Isaac J. Winograd and Eugene H. Roseboom Jr.
Science 13 June 2008: 1426-1427.
Summary: Despite hundreds of studies and dozens of workshops and panels, Yucca Mountain remains controversial as a repository for radioactive wastes. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

BIOCHEMISTRY: How Enzymes Work

Dagmar Ringe and Gregory A. Petsko
Science 13 June 2008: 1428-1429.
Summary: Fifty years of research have led to a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of enzymatic catalysis. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOCHEMISTRY: How Do Proteins Interact?

David D. Boehr and Peter E. Wright
Science 13 June 2008: 1429-1430.
Summary: New results provide support for the hypothesis that interactions between proteins involve selection from an ensemble of different conformations. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY: Sex and Poison in the Dark

Reinhard Fischer
Science 13 June 2008: 1430-1431.
Summary: A protein complex moves in and out of the nucleus in response to light, associating with proteins that control fungal development and metabolism. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PLANETARY SCIENCE: Enceladus--Oasis or Ice Ball?

Susan W. Kieffer and Bruce M. Jakosky
Science 13 June 2008: 1432-1433.
Summary: The case has not yet been made that Saturn's satellite Enceladus meets the environmental conditions needed to support life. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSIOLOGY: Unfolding Lipid Metabolism

Jay D. Horton
Science 13 June 2008: 1433-1434.
Summary: A transcription factor exhibits dual roles, regulating genes that respond to improperly folded proteins and genes that control lipid synthesis. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Germination, Genetics, and Growth of an Ancient Date Seed

Sarah Sallon, Elaine Solowey, Yuval Cohen, Raia Korchinsky, Markus Egli, Ivan Woodhatch, Orit Simchoni, and Mordechai Kislev
Science 13 June 2008: 1464.
A 2000-year-old date seed—recovered from archaeological excavations near the Dead Sea in Israel—successfully germinated and grew. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Research Articles

An in Vivo Map of the Yeast Protein Interactome

Kirill Tarassov, Vincent Messier, Christian R. Landry, Stevo Radinovic, Mercedes M. Serna Molina, Igor Shames, Yelena Malitskaya, Jackie Vogel, Howard Bussey, and Stephen W. Michnick
Science 13 June 2008: 1465-1470.
Published online 8 May 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1153878] (in Science Express Research Articles)
A method that identifies pairs of proteins that are 8 nanometers apart produces a map of interacting proteins in living yeast, finding known and previously unknown networks. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Recognition Dynamics Up to Microseconds Revealed from an RDC-Derived Ubiquitin Ensemble in Solution

Oliver F. Lange, Nils-Alexander Lakomek, Christophe Farès, Gunnar F. Schröder, Korvin F. A. Walter, Stefan Becker, Jens Meiler, Helmut Grubmüller, Christian Griesinger, and Bert L. de Groot
Science 13 June 2008: 1471-1475.
In solution, ubiquitin assumes all conformations seen in crystal structures of its complexes, indicating that it binds by conformational selection rather than induced fit. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter

R. Subedi, R. Shneor, P. Monaghan, B. D. Anderson, K. Aniol, J. Annand, J. Arrington, H. Benaoum, F. Benmokhtar, W. Boeglin, J.-P. Chen, Seonho Choi, E. Cisbani, B. Craver, S. Frullani, F. Garibaldi, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, O. Glamazdin, J.-O. Hansen, D. W. Higinbotham, T. Holmstrom, H. Ibrahim, R. Igarashi, C. W. de Jager, E. Jans, X. Jiang, L. J. Kaufman, A. Kelleher, A. Kolarkar, G. Kumbartzki, J. J. LeRose, R. Lindgren, N. Liyanage, D. J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, S. Marrone, M. Mazouz, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, B. Moffit, C. F. Perdrisat, E. Piasetzky, M. Potokar, V. Punjabi, Y. Qiang, J. Reinhold, G. Ron, G. Rosner, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky, A. Shahinyan, S. Sirca, K. Slifer, P. Solvignon, V. Sulkosky, G. M. Urciuoli, E. Voutier, J. W. Watson, L. B. Weinstein, B. Wojtsekhowski, S. Wood, X.-C. Zheng, and L. Zhu
Science 13 June 2008: 1476-1478.
Published online 29 May 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1156675] (in Science Express Reports)
Electron-beam experiments reveal that some neutrons within ¹²C nuclei tend to form close, dynamical pairs with protons but that pairs of the same particle type are rare. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Laser-Induced Electron Tunneling and Diffraction

M. Meckel, D. Comtois, D. Zeidler, A. Staudte, D. Pavicic, H. C. Bandulet, H. Pépin, J. C. Kieffer, R. Dörner, D. M. Villeneuve, and P. B. Corkum
Science 13 June 2008: 1478-1482.
Extracting electrons from O₂ and N₂ with a laser and redirecting some to diffract off the atoms reveals the geometry of electronic orbitals and maps the nuclei. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Electrical Resistance of Long Conjugated Molecular Wires

Seong Ho Choi, BongSoo Kim, and C. Daniel Frisbie
Science 13 June 2008: 1482-1486.
The stepwise synthesis of molecules of increasing length on a gold substrate reveals a change in electron transport from tunneling to hopping as molecule length increases. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Impact of Stratospheric Ozone Recovery on the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Jet

S.-W. Son, L. M. Polvani, D. W. Waugh, H. Akiyoshi, R. Garcia, D. Kinnison, S. Pawson, E. Rozanov, T. G. Shepherd, and K. Shibata
Science 13 June 2008: 1486-1489.
Models show that as stratospheric ozone recovers, westerly tropospheric winds at high southern latitudes should weaken, not strengthen as was thought, affecting Antarctic climate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Evidence for Upwelling of Corrosive "Acidified" Water onto the Continental Shelf

Richard A. Feely, Christopher L. Sabine, J. Martin Hernandez-Ayon, Debby Ianson, and Burke Hales
Science 13 June 2008: 1490-1492.
Published online 22 May 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1155676] (in Science Express Reports)
As a result of anthropogenic CO₂ uptake, corrosive seawater undersaturated with calcium carbonate shoaled on the continental shelf of western North America in 2007. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Regulation of Hepatic Lipogenesis by the Transcription Factor XBP1

Ann-Hwee Lee, Erez F. Scapa, David E. Cohen, and Laurie H. Glimcher
Science 13 June 2008: 1492-1496.
In mice, a transcription factor known to participate in secretion is also necessary for induction of lipid synthesis by carbohydrates in the liver. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Rag GTPases Bind Raptor and Mediate Amino Acid Signaling to mTORC1

Yasemin Sancak, Timothy R. Peterson, Yoav D. Shaul, Robert A. Lindquist, Carson C. Thoreen, Liron Bar-Peled, and David M. Sabatini
Science 13 June 2008: 1496-1501.
Published online 22 May 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1157535] (in Science Express Reports)
Nutrients, specifically amino acids, are sensed by small guanosine triphosphatases, which bind to a signaling complex, moving it close to the nucleus where it initiates cell growth. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Animal Versus Wind Dispersal and the Robustness of Tree Species to Deforestation

Daniel Montoya, Miguel A. Zavala, Miguel A. Rodríguez, and Drew W. Purves
Science 13 June 2008: 1502-1504.
Published online 5 June 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1158404] (in Science Express Reports)
In Spanish forests, tree species with seeds that are dispersed by animals are more resilient in a fragmented forest than those with wind-dispersed seeds. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

VelB/VeA/LaeA Complex Coordinates Light Signal with Fungal Development and Secondary Metabolism

Özgür Bayram, Sven Krappmann, Min Ni, Jin Woo Bok, Kerstin Helmstaedt, Oliver Valerius, Susanna Braus-Stromeyer, Nak-Jung Kwon, Nancy P. Keller, Jae-Hyuk Yu, and Gerhard H. Braus
Science 13 June 2008: 1504-1506.
The multiprotein velvet complex in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans coordinates light-responsive development and the generation of secondary metabolites such as antibiotics and toxins. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Activation of the Cellular DNA Damage Response in the Absence of DNA Lesions

Evi Soutoglou and Tom Misteli
Science 13 June 2008: 1507-1510.
Published online 15 May 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1159051] (in Science Express Reports)
Protein complexes that usually assemble on and repair damaged DNA can form at undamaged sites to halt the cell cycle if several of the proteins are first tethered there. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Transfer of Learning After Updating Training Mediated by the Striatum

Erika Dahlin, Anna Stigsdotter Neely, Anne Larsson, Lars Bäckman, and Lars Nyberg
Science 13 June 2008: 1510-1512.
Individuals who become better at a letter recognition test through practice also improve at a different task, even without practice, when both tasks utilize the same brain region. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|