This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 29 January 2010: 501.
|Full Text »

Editorial:
Science Education Web Sites

Bruce Alberts
Science 29 January 2010: 504.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 29 January 2010: 505.
|Full Text »

Science Podcast

Science 29 January 2010: 597.
The show includes dealing with parasites in the absence of sex, the advent of quantum machines, your Letters to Science, and more. Summary »|   Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

New Products

Science 29 January 2010: 597.
A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

News of the Week

Paleontology
Bird-Dinosaur Link Firmed Up, And in Brilliant Technicolor

Richard Stone
Science 29 January 2010: 508.
On page 571 of this week's issue of Science, paleontologists unveil Haplocheirus sollers, a new genus of alvarezsauroid—a group of dinosaurs once thought to be flightless birds. The nearly complete skeleton is about 15 million years older than the earliest known bird, Archaeopteryx. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Global Health
Haiti's Quake Shifts Clinic's Focus From AIDS to Aid

Jon Cohen
Science 29 January 2010: 509.
Since the 12 January earthquake, GHESKIO (the Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections) has converted itself into a hospital with a surgical unit and a makeshift outdoor home for thousands of refugees. On 21 January, GHESKIO leader Jean "Bill" Pape responded to questions from Science in an e-mail. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Newsmaker Interview
Climate Science Leader Rajendra Pachauri Confronts the Critics

Pallava Bagla
Science 29 January 2010: 510-511.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) head Rajendra Kumar Pachauri has recently come under attack in the U.K. press for his lucrative stints as an adviser to companies including the Toyota Motor Corp. and Deutsche Bank. Earlier this week, Pachauri defended IPCC's work and shot back at critics who want to see him ousted as panel chair. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Extended Interview »|  

Physics
NRC Urges U.S. to Rethink Sale of Helium Reserve

Adrian Cho
Science 29 January 2010: 511.
The price of the heavier isotope of helium, helium-4, is artificially low and encouraging waste of a substance indispensable for numerous scientific and technological applications, says a U.S. National Research Council report released last week. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Fisheries
In Central California, Coho Salmon Are on the Brink

Greg Miller
Science 29 January 2010: 512-513.
As this year's winter spawning season draws to an end, biologists who've been surveying the subspecies of coho salmon that lives along the central California coast are reporting dismal numbers. A federal species recovery plan to be released next month has morphed into a species survival plan. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceNOW.org
From Science's Online Daily News Site

Science 29 January 2010: 513.
ScienceNOW reported this week that colliding particles can make black holes, bats and whales share a sonar protein, the Cold War split birds, too, and the first flyers were gliders, not runners, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Physics
Test Shots Show Laser-Fusion Experiment Is on Target

Daniel Clery
Science 29 January 2010: 514.
In a study published online this week by Science, researchers at the National Ignition Facility, a huge laser for nuclear fusion experiments at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, describe their first experiments using all 192 of the facility's beams on test targets empty of fuel. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Planetary Science
Did a Battering Rain of Comets Bring Ganymede to Geologic Life?

Richard A. Kerr
Science 29 January 2010: 515.
A study published this week offers a possible explanation for why jovian moon Ganymede evolved so much more than Callisto did: Ganymede suffered a far worse beating 3.9 billion years ago when a rain of comets and asteroids battered much of the solar system. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceInsider
From the Science Policy Blog

Science 29 January 2010: 515.
ScienceInsider reported this week that three prominent climate scientists have criticized the policies of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and its chair, Rajendra Kumar Pachauri, saying the panel should adopt conflict-of-interest policies, a mechanism for dealing with errors, and more transparent policies for selecting its leadership and authors, among other stories. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Random Samples

Science 29 January 2010: 507.
|Full Text »

News Focus

Faintest Thrum Heralds Quantum Machines

Adrian Cho
Science 29 January 2010: 516-518.
After years of trying, physicists are on the verge of making tiny vibrating devices that make the slightest possible movement. Far weirder mechanical devices could follow. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Evolution
In the Deep Blue Sea

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 29 January 2010: 519.
A survey of corals and their kin is showing the surprising evolutionary potential of the ocean's deepest waters, where no sunlight penetrates. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Research Facilities
Little Castle on the Prairie

Sam Kean
Science 29 January 2010: 520-521.
Can $400 million and a "Manhattan Project for diabetes" transform South Dakota into a research hub? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Tracking the Source of Glacier Misinformation

J. Graham Cogley, Jeffrey S. Kargel, G. Kaser, and C. J. van der Veen
Science 29 January 2010: 522.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 A Role for Postdocs in Undergraduate Education

Seth D. Bush, Nancy J. Pelaez, James A. Rudd, Michael T. Stevens, Kimberly D. Tanner, Kathy S. Williams, and William B. Wood
Science 29 January 2010: 522-523.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Taking a Cue from the Silver Screen

Zen Faulkes
Science 29 January 2010: 523.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Give the "Fair Sex" a Fair Shake

Marion Nestle
Science 29 January 2010: 523.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books et al.

Neuroscience
Making Sense of Printed Symbols

Charles G. Gross
Science 29 January 2010: 524-525.
Dehaene discusses neurological, cognitive, evolutionary, and cultural aspects of reading. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Theater
Of Locusts and Scientists

Manfred D. Laubichler and Gitta Honegger
Science 29 January 2010: 525-526.
Rimini Protokoll explores the biology of migratory locusts, the lives of scientists who study them, and the relations between the researchers and their subjects. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Browsings

Science 29 January 2010: 525.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 29 January 2010: 525.
A listing of books received at Science during the week ended 22 January 2010. Summary »|  

Essays on Science and Society

Winner of Science Prize for Online Resources in Education
Making Genetics Easy to Understand

Louisa A. Stark and Kevin Pompei
Science 29 January 2010: 538-539.
An integrated pair of Web sites for students and teachers supports genetics and genomics education worldwide. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Policy Forum

Climate Change
The Politics of Geoengineering

Jason J. Blackstock and Jane C. S. Long
Science 29 January 2010: 527.
Nations commencing geoengineering research must commit to full international collaboration and transparency. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Immunology
Arsonists in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Guy A. Zimmerman and Andrew S. Weyrich
Science 29 January 2010: 528-529.
Inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis is stoked by platelets, expanding their roles into the immune system. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Materials Science
Bundling with X-rays

Cyrus R. Safinya and Youli Li
Science 29 January 2010: 529-530.
High-brilliance synchrotron radiation is used to trigger a reversible transition from randomly oriented filaments to hexagonal bundles. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Atmospheric Science
A Test for Geoengineering?

Alan Robock, Martin Bunzl, Ben Kravitz, and Georgiy L. Stenchikov
Science 29 January 2010: 530-531.
Stratospheric geoengineering cannot be tested in the atmosphere without full-scale implementation. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Anthropology
Apes Among the Tangled Branches of Human Origins

Terry Harrison
Science 29 January 2010: 532-534.
The evolution of apes between 23 and 5 million years ago set the scene for the emergence of the first hominins in Africa. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Economics
Measuring Subjective Well-Being

Richard Layard
Science 29 January 2010: 534-535.
How should human happiness and life-satisfaction be assessed? Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Materials Science
Turning Away from High Symmetry

John C. Crocker
Science 29 January 2010: 535-536.
Light microscopy studies of cluster formation by colloidal particles show that less-symmetrical structures are favored under equilibrium conditions. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Retrospective
Edwin G. Krebs (1918–2009)

William A. Catterall and John D. Scott
Science 29 January 2010: 537.
Defining how protein phosphorylation is regulated led to an explosion of knowledge about most cellular processes. Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Association Affairs

AAAS News and Notes

Science 29 January 2010: 540-541.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Review

Coexistence of Quiescent and Active Adult Stem Cells in Mammals

Linheng Li and Hans Clevers
Science 29 January 2010: 542-545.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Brevia

Role of ABA and ABI3 in Desiccation Tolerance

A. Khandelwal, S. H. Cho, H. Marella, Y. Sakata, P.-F. Perroud, A. Pan, and R. S. Quatrano
Science 29 January 2010: 546.
The hormone pathway that stabilizes seeds may have served more primitive seedless plants in supporting desiccation tolerance. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Article

Local and Long-Range Reciprocal Regulation of cAMP and cGMP in Axon/Dendrite Formation

Maya Shelly, Byung Kook Lim, Laura Cancedda, Sarah C. Heilshorn, Hongfeng Gao, and Mu-ming Poo
Science 29 January 2010: 547-552.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate regulate axon formation and exert opposite actions on dendrite formation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Phase Transitions of Adsorbed Atoms on the Surface of a Carbon Nanotube

Zenghui Wang, Jiang Wei, Peter Morse, J. Gregory Dash, Oscar E. Vilches, and David H. Cobden
Science 29 January 2010: 552-555.
The adsorption behavior of rare gases is followed through changes in resonance frequency of a single-walled carbon nanotube. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Spontaneous and X-ray–Triggered Crystallization at Long Range in Self-Assembling Filament Networks

Honggang Cui, E. Thomas Pashuck, Yuri S. Velichko, Steven J. Weigand, Andrew G. Cheetham, Christina J. Newcomb, and Samuel I. Stupp
Science 29 January 2010: 555-559.
Published online 17 December 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1182340] (in Science Express Reports)
Dilute solutions of alkyl-terminated peptide filaments can undergo ordering upon x-ray exposure. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Free-Energy Landscape of Clusters of Attractive Hard Spheres

Guangnan Meng, Natalie Arkus, Michael P. Brenner, and Vinothan N. Manoharan
Science 29 January 2010: 560-563.
Entropic effects favor the formation of small clusters of colloidal particles that have lower symmetry. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Tricyclic Aromatic Isomer of Hexasilabenzene

Kai Abersfelder, Andrew J. P. White, Henry S. Rzepa, and David Scheschkewitz
Science 29 January 2010: 564-566.
A structural isomer of benzene in which carbon is replaced by silicon exhibits unexpected electronic stabilization. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Combined Effects on Selectivity in Fe-Catalyzed Methylene Oxidation

Mark S. Chen and M. Christina White
Science 29 January 2010: 566-571.
An iron catalyst shows selectivity for the oxidation of secondary C–H bonds in organic molecules. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Basal Alvarezsauroid Theropod from the Early Late Jurassic of Xinjiang, China

Jonah N. Choiniere, Xing Xu, James M. Clark, Catherine A. Forster, Yu Guo, and Fenglu Han
Science 29 January 2010: 571-574.
The Alvarezsauroidea group extends the clade containing birds and their theropod relatives back to 160 million years ago. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Anciently Asexual Bdelloid Rotifers Escape Lethal Fungal Parasites by Drying Up and Blowing Away

Christopher G. Wilson and Paul W. Sherman
Science 29 January 2010: 574-576.
Asexual bdelloid rotifers avoid the evolutionary parasite trap though desiccation resistance and dispersal. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  Podcast Interview »|  

Objective Confirmation of Subjective Measures of Human Well-Being: Evidence from the U.S.A.

Andrew J. Oswald and Stephen Wu
Science 29 January 2010: 576-579.
Published online 17 December 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1180606] (in Science Express Reports)
Subjective life-satisfaction scores agree with objective measures of well-being across 50 American states. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Platelets Amplify Inflammation in Arthritis via Collagen-Dependent Microparticle Production

Eric Boilard, Peter A. Nigrovic, Katherine Larabee, Gerald F. M. Watts, Jonathan S. Coblyn, Michael E. Weinblatt, Elena M. Massarotti, Eileen Remold-O’Donnell, Richard W. Farndale, Jerry Ware, and David M. Lee
Science 29 January 2010: 580-583.
Microparticles released by platelets contribute to inflammation underlying rheumatoid arthritis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Decorrelated Neuronal Firing in Cortical Microcircuits

Alexander S. Ecker, Philipp Berens, Georgios A. Keliris, Matthias Bethge, Nikos K. Logothetis, and Andreas S. Tolias
Science 29 January 2010: 584-587.
Despite dense connectivity and shared input, the firing rates of nearby neurons are largely uncorrelated. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

The Asynchronous State in Cortical Circuits

Alfonso Renart, Jaime de la Rocha, Peter Bartho, Liad Hollender, Néstor Parga, Alex Reyes, and Kenneth D. Harris
Science 29 January 2010: 587-590.
A general theoretical description of correlations in highly connected recurrent neuronal circuits. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Direct Restart of a Replication Fork Stalled by a Head-On RNA Polymerase

Richard T. Pomerantz and Mike O’Donnell
Science 29 January 2010: 590-592.
Head-on collisions between DNA and RNA polymerases are resolved in vitro. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

p53 Controls Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Syndrome in Mice Independent of Apoptosis

David G. Kirsch, Philip M. Santiago, Emmanuelle di Tomaso, Julie M. Sullivan, Wu-Shiun Hou, Talya Dayton, Laura B. Jeffords, Pooja Sodha, Kim L. Mercer, Rhianna Cohen, Osamu Takeuchi, Stanley J. Korsmeyer, Roderick T. Bronson, Carla F. Kim, Kevin M. Haigis, Rakesh K. Jain, and Tyler Jacks
Science 29 January 2010: 593-596.
Published online 17 December 2009 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1166202] (in Science Express Reports)
Ionizing radiation destroys gastrointestinal epithelial cells by a mechanism that appears to be independent of apoptosis. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|